Connecting a refrigerator compressor to the network. What to do with oil?

Connector compressor connection diagram with a capacitor and directly

The fundamental physical rule also acts in everyday life: heat is transmitted from the body with a higher temperature to a less heated. For the reverse process to occur, and cold is created in the household appliance, external energy in the form of mechanical work should be applied.

It is according to this scheme that refrigerators operate. Electricity drives a special device that creates pressure and compresses the gas.shaped refrigerant to transfer it into a liquid state. Such a part is a compressor, which is often called the “heart of the refrigerator”. After all, if it ceases to work normally, the process of generating cold is impossible. In addition to compression, other varieties of installations (absorption, thermoelectric) are known, but in household solutions for the home they cannot be found.

By design, compressors are most often an electric motor that drives a single.cylinder piston pump with a valve mechanism. Less commonly there are installations of a linear type, where there are no rotating parts, and the pump piston turns from the reciprocating movements of the core of the electromagnetic coil. However, these devices are not so common, there are practically no refrigerators on old models.

Another type of drive is a system with frequency control of engine speed, which are otherwise called inverter. Structurally, these are the same electric motors with windings, but the current supply circuit for them is much more difficult than the usual. Modern control electronic control boards convert the alternating voltage of the household network 50 hertz into direct current, which is then again transformed into a periodic form, but already changed parameters.

Inverter compressors are considered the most advanced type of technique, having a number of noticeable advantages over previous models. They are produced today by leading industry companies:

However, the flip side is their excessive complexity, which does not allow the diagnosis and repair of the system at home with your own hands.

When a refrigerator with an inverter compressor broke, do not try to do something with it yourself, contact qualified masters in the service. If the installation of a conventional type with direct power from 220V is a chance to start the jammed compressor of the refrigerator without resorting to outside help. The technique of domestic brands (Atlant “,” Sviyaga “) is traditionally more suitable for amateur repair).

Where is the compressor

The compressor engine, together with a piston pump, valve mechanism and receivers for freon, it is customary to install on damping springs inside a hermetically brewed metal casing inside. This part is usually painted black for better heat transfer and looks like a rounded tank with tubes emerging from it. It is placed in the rear wall of the refrigerator on a metal frame near the capacitor (scattering excess heat of the serpentine from the tubes).

The pressure inside the sealed body of the compressor during normal operation is 10 atmospheres. Power supply to the motor is supplied through contacts on the outer wall of the tank.

Checking the compressor for performance

The result of the compressor’s full.time operation is the creation of the necessary refrigerant pressure in the tube system. For different models, this indicator varies, but fundamentally believe that at an output pressure less than 4 atmospheres, the device for operation is unsuitable.

Directly verify the operability of the motor, measuring the pressure, it will turn out only with a snack of freon tubes. After that, the refrigerant will disappear outward, and home repairs will become impossible. To again seize the highway and upload Freon to the Freon system, you will have to invite masters with equipment. Although some owners of old refrigerators make air pumps from their compression chambers for home needs. working with a painting spray gun or swinging wheels. In these cases, the device check is made by direct measurement of pressure.

If the purpose of the repair is an attempt to restore the normal operation of the refrigerator, the compressor condition will have to be assessed by indirect signs (noise, vibration). According to masters, the two most frequent breakdowns:

• a malfunction of electrical equipment, including the refusal of a commissioning relay;
• jamming the mechanical part of the compressor (rotor of its engine or piston in the pump cylinder).

The system is checked separately for each of these problems in order to understand which part requires repair or replacement. To do this, you need to directly start the compressor of the refrigerator without a relay.

Scheme of the refrigerator

Image 1. Scheme of the refrigerator

The refrigerator system is closed in nature. The compressor pumps a refrigerant from the evaporator, which in turn enters the capacitor under high pressure. In the condenser, the gas cools and changes its aggregate state from the gaseous to liquid. The resulting liquid flows through the tubes into the evaporator. Thus, closed continuous work is ensured.

Almost all the components of the refrigerator work in non-stop mode. The compressor should turn on from the signal of the temperature sensor, at the moment when the permissible temperature sensor is exceeded. After the signal is supplied, the compressor setting in motion from the relay begins to work intensively until the temperature indicators return to normal. Then the motor turns off again.

To replace the compressor with your own hands, you need to figure it out and in the electric circuit.

With the necessary knowledge, and having the necessary tools at hand, you can easily determine the cause of the breakdown and fix it yourself.

According to the scheme, in working condition the current goes the following path:

• At first, the current passes through the contacts on the thermallack (1);
• Then he gets to the thawing button (2);
• Then it gets to the thermal relay (3);
• The next on the way of current is a launch vehicle (5);
• The working winding of the engine engine is at the end of the journey (4.one).

If the winding is non.working, then it will miss the voltage large size. The starting relay will work, closes the contacts and start the winding. As soon as the temperature reaches the desired value, the contacts of the thermallane will open, and the engine stop the motor.

Do I need a voltage stabilizer for the refrigerator | What and how to choose ?

This problem has long been known manufacturers for refrigerators and some modern models have their own built.in protection and simply will not turn on if the voltage in the network has a deviation from the norm, in other cases it is likely that the refrigerator will fail, even if not immediately, and this is not immediately, and this Unfortunately, it will not be a warranty case.

When you need a voltage stabilizer for the refrigerator

As you know, stabilizer of the stress for the refrigerator is not always needed and not for everyone. Most often, especially if you live in a large city, in a rather modern apartment, you most likely will not need it.

Typically, voltage problems exist where they do not follow the state of electric networks well enough, the balance of distribution of loads and just where the old or low.quality electrical wiring.

You can determine whether you need a voltage stabilizer, you can simply measure the voltage in the outlet with a multimeter, to which it is planned to connect the refrigerator. Normal indicators will be in the range of 198-242 V, these are the maximum permissible voltage deviations that may be in a single-phase electric network in accordance with paragraph 4.2.2 from GOST 32144-2013. Almost all modern refrigerators work in the range from 220 to 240 volts, according to their passport data.

It is best, of course, to make such measurements periodically, at different times of the day, days of the week and even at different times of the year, t.to. Even if at the moment the voltage in the outlet is put up to normal, it is not necessary that this always happens, because there are many factors that can cause subsidence or jump.

In addition, there are several more indirect indicators by which it can be determined that with the tension in the apartment or house, something is wrong:

First of all, having noticed such deviations in the operation of electrical equipment or simply finding too low or high voltage in the network by a multimeter, you must contact your energy supply company and achieve the restoration of the required parameters of incoming electric current.

Unfortunately, this process, as you know, is not unable, especially when it comes to low or high voltage in a private house or at a summer cottage, therefore, for a while, you definitely need a voltage stabilizer to protect your refrigerator, allow you He work in normal mode.

What voltage stabilizer is needed for the refrigerator

There are several key points that must be taken into account when choosing a stabilizer for the refrigerator and below I will describe them all.

The voltage stabilizer for any household refrigerator should be single.phase, 220V

The absolute majority of household refrigerators, regardless of the number of cameras, sizes, functions, etc.D single.phase and work from a voltage of 220V. They are connected to a standard household outlet, respectively, a voltage stabilizer for them is needed a similar one. single.phase.

Which type is better to choose a stabilizer for the refrigerator

Currently, there are quite a lot of varieties of voltage stabilizers. All of them are based on various principles of actions and components. Differ in the speed of the response, the range of regulation, the degree of security and in a number of characteristics.

Of course, it is always easier to recommend the most modern perfect models that will surely stabilize the voltage and maintain the refrigerator in a wide range of incoming voltage. But we will be realistic, for many in the stabilizer, simplicity, reliability, maintainability and most importantly its cost is more important.

Currently, the most effective solution, it is for the refrigerator that the usual relay stabilizer will be. The basis of which is a motor.transformer with several bends with varying degrees of transformation.

The relay stabilizer has a high switching speed, the relay perfectly withstand the starting currents that form when the refrigerator compressor is launched, and in addition, they are more than affordable in price.

Usually, if my clients ask me what kind of voltage stabilizer for the refrigerator to buy, I advise you to choose an inexpensive, but already loved by many Ach-2000 Resanta or its analogues, which are always available in the most popular electrical stores and there are no problems with the purchase and service.

At the same time, in just 2000-2500 you get a fairly reliable and fast voltage stabilizer with a capacity of 2 kVA (gives out 2 kW of active power), this is usually enough to even with strong voltage subsidence, your refrigerator continued to work uninterruptedly.

What should be the power of the voltage stabilizer for the refrigerator

The power of the voltage stabilizer is a value that shows what maximum load this device can feed. It is important to remember that most of the particularly inexpensive models of stabilizers have a direct dependence of the fall in the given power depending on the incoming voltage in the network.

In simple words, then if, for example, you have a voltage in the outlet to 190V, then a stabilizer with a capacity of 1000 VA will hold all 100% of the declared load, but as soon as the voltage drops below, for example, up to 150V, the maximum possible load will fall usually somewhere by 40% and will be only 600 wa.

Let’s look at how to take into account all these factors when choosing a voltage stabilizer.

So, when calculating the power of the stabilizer, you need to know the two main values:

Starting current of the refrigerator compressor

The peak consumption of electricity in the refrigerator occur at the time of the compressor starts, because it contains an electric motor, which at the time of starting, for a short time, can consume 3-5 times larger current, respectively, and power, as much as the same than declared than declared than declared.

How to connect a starting relay to the compressor of the refrigerator

Malfunctions and interruptions in the refrigerator, as well as uncharacteristic noise and crackling sounds during connection to the mains are a sure sign of damage to the starting relay.

If this problem occurs, it is necessary to inspect the body and fastening of the relay for the presence of the most common problems: burning contacts, jamming of the core and spring or breakdown of the rod, since these defects indicate the irreversible breakdown of the lamp.protecting relay and the need to replace it. In order to repair, it is not at all necessary to contact the service center and call the master, since you can replace the starting relay of the refrigerator with your own hands.

To replace the launch vehicle, it is necessary to perform a sequence of actions:

• In order to avoid injuries before starting work, you need to turn off the refrigerator from the electric network by pulling out a power cord from the outlet.
• To carry out the repair of a launcher, first of all, it is necessary to unscrew the screw and put the water supply hose from the rear panel, pushing it to the side, so as not to damage it.

If shortly after the replacement of the launch relay, the refrigerator fails again, then in this case the problems are not related to the relay, but with the operation of the electrical center, and only the master can eliminate them.

by replacement

Almost all household refrigeration equipment is equipped with a single.phase engine. To start it, you have to use a starting relay for the refrigerator. If this simple but important detail fails, then the compressor will stop starting. Knowing the principles of the device, you can determine the problem and independently correct it.

Launch of a single.phase asynchronous electric motor

At its core, the compressors motors installed in modern refrigerators are single.phase asynchronous electric motors with a launch winding. Their main components are a rotating rotor and stationary stator.

The rotor is a hollow cylinder made of conductive material or containing short.term wiring. The stator includes two windings: working (main) and launch (starting). They are mutually arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, or have the opposite direction of winding. the so.called “biflar”.

AC, passing through the main winding, creates a magnetic field with a changing vector.

If the rotor is not statistical, then, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, the engine will develop or slow down the torque, since sliding is relatively direct- and vice versa of magnetic flow. Therefore, to maintain the movement, there is enough alternating current passing through the working winding.

If the rotor is motionless, then with the same sliding relative to magnetic flows, the resulting electromagnetic moment will be zero. In this case, it is necessary to create a starting moment. For this, you need a starting winding.

The currents in the windings should be shifted in the phase, so the phase.mixing element is introduced into the engine. register, throttle or capacitor. After the rotor reaches the necessary rotation, the supply of electricity to the starting winding stops.

Thus, for the start of a single.phase asynchronous electric motor, it is necessary to pass the current in two windings, and to maintain rotation of the rotor. only by working. To regulate this process in the circuit in front of the compressor of the refrigerator and the starting relay is installed.

The principle of operation of the launch relay

Despite the large number of manufacturers of components for refrigerators, the scheme of work and the design of the launch relay are almost the same. Having figured out in principle, their actions can independently find and eliminate the malfunction.

Device diagram and compressor connection

The electrical circuit of the relay has two entrances from the power source and three exits to the compressor. One entrance (conditionally. zero) passes directly, and the other (conditionally. phase) inside the device is split into two:

How to replace the compressor?

Replacing the compressor is time.consuming and difficult work, so if you still decide to replace the compressor with your own hands, you should stock up not only with the right tool, and not with a patience.

Consider the principle of replacing the compressor step by step.

For independent replacement of the compressor, stock up:

• A gas burner (ideally, it should be oxygen-propane);
• Pliers;
• A refrigerant drive;
• Valves for piercing and selection.
• portable station for regeneration, refueling and vacuuming;
• compact pipeline;
• ticks;
• Hanzen’s coupling for a tight compressor connection with a gas station;
• copper pipe 6 mm;
• a filter absorber for installation at the entrance to the capillary tube;
• copper alloy with phosphorus (4-9%);
• brown soldering as a flux;
• a cylinder with a freon.

Image 7. A tool for replacing the compressor

Since the compressor is located at the bottom of the refrigerator, before replacing the compressor itself, you will have to remove several other nodes.

• Using pliers, snack the pipes that are connected to the cooling system. Remember. the pipes need to be carefully eaten, not saw off. In the process of sawing off, chips are formed, which can fall into the capacitor and, moving through the system, can damage the elements;
• Next, run for 5 minutes refrigerator. During this time, Freon will become condensate;
• Then connect the valve with the hose attached to the cylinder to the gas line.
• Opening the valve, frighten the entire freon. It will take no more than a minute;
• Remove the black box with wires coming from it. this is a relay block;
• Mark the top and bottom in the search engine for the correct installation in the future;
• Bite off the latches and remove it from the traverse;
• Try the wiring that leads to a fork
• Unscrew all the fasteners and a review device;
• Protect all the tubes to install a new device.

To measure the resistance in individual components, you can use both a tester or ohmmeter, and conventional charging.

If you use special resistance measurement devices, you need to put probes in pairs to the wires. Check the resulting measurements with a table of nominal values ​​for a specific compressor model.

In the case of using the charger, you need to produce the following manipulations:

• Put on a light bulb with a capacity of 6 in minus probes;
• Plus probes are attached to the upper leg of the food winding;
• Each legs touch the base of the light bulb;

Image 8. Resistance measurement

In case of serviceability of the unit, when touching the charger, the light should light up.

Between passing contacts and the case, the resistance is checked using a tester. In working condition, the data on the tester will be equal to the sign of infinity, in the case of a malfunction, the tester will give a figure, usually this is zero.

After checking the resistance, it is necessary to measure the current strength. First you need to connect the starting relay and turn on the motor. Then click the tester with the contact with the contact leading to the device.

The testimony of the device should be comparable with engine power. So, if the motor has a power of 120 watts, then the current strength should be 1.1. 1.2 a.

First, you need to fix a working supercumberry on the refrigerated block traverse. Remove all the plugs from the tubes that go to the compressor. Check atmospheric pressure.

Remember that compressor depressurization should be made no earlier than 5 minutes before soldering. Docking of the compressor pipes with gas stations, discharge and suction lines should be 6 cm, and a diameter of 6 mm.

When soldering, pay attention to the direction of fire burner. It should not be directed inside the pipes, t.to. plastic elements of the nodes from heating can be deformed or completely melt.

First, it is necessary to solder the gas station, then the removal of the excess of the refrigerant, and after the discharge tube.

After the soldering process is completed, remove the plugs from the filter-dryer, install it on the heat exchanger, after inserting the throttle pipe. Spread the elements and put on Hansen’s coupling on the gas stitch.

Sixth step. refueling a refrigerant.

First, you need to connect to the gas station with a vacuum coupling. Then bring the pressure to 65 PA. Next, switch the contacts by connecting a protective relay to the compressor.

After the refrigerator is included in the network, fill the system with a 40% coasten. Having checked the device for tightness, disconnect it again from the network. Bringing the pressure to the residual norm of 10 Pa, turn on the refrigerator and fill it with freon to the end. We complet the repair by canning tubes by pushing, remove the coupling, seize the pipe.

Connection schemes for a magnetic starter with a coil of 220 V

The focus of the fur coat is not having time to drain condensate on the dodge, and then the process goes on increasing, until the whole camera grows with hoarfrost. Having measured the resistance, we look where the smallest value turned out. this will be a working winding. There are two bolts under it a little different sizes.

Suddenly PC is faulty and the launch winding is constantly frightened, the protective relay is included in the operation: its winding is heated by the current of the starting winding, the bimetallic plate is bending and opens the overall power circuit.

But regarding the seals, you can give general recommendations. The working condenser from the compressor of the refrigerator No Frost requires an even greater excess of power than for the crying refrigerator.

If necessary, we also connect the unloading and safety valve to the flanks. Connect the regulation circuit to the press system by the electric motor.

The amount at that time, to the great depression, is desperately huge.

For an engine with three phases, you should not use the relay to the compressor on the volt, because one phase cannot turn off the load.

Now let’s move directly to the connection of the refrigerator compressor connection. How to connect a compressor from a refrigerator without a launch relay

How to connect without a capacitor

The classic capacitor in refrigerator equipment is used to cool and convert the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid phase. The refrigerant pump allows short-term operation without a condensation unit, but it is not recommended to operate the unit for a long time (due to the lack of oil supply). In the compressor itself there is an electrolytic capacitor that provides an additional current pulse at the time of starting the equipment. The capacitor was used in refrigerators released in the 60-70s. last century.

The capacitor works together with the control relay, is placed in the gap between the power line and the launch winding. When checking the operability of the motor, you can connect the power directly bypassing the additional components of the circuit. In equipment released after the 90s., The element is not used. The capacitor is used to start 3-phase electric motors connected to a household network of alternating current. The installed element imitates the missing phase, but in household refrigeration equipment such engines are not used.

If there was a capacitor in the circuit, then it is removed (evaporated), the subsequent start is carried out through a standard relay.

If the motor does not respond to food, then you will need to dismantle the relay. If a monotonous buzz is heard from the compressor housing, then the cause of the breakdown is jammed rolling bearings or a broken piston pump. If the motor does not work and there is no extraneous hum, then the reason for the loss of performance should be sought in the cliff of wires inside the compressor. A similar unit is not repaired, but is subject to disposal.

How to connect a refrigerator compressor without a relay

In order to connect the compressor directly without a relay, you need to use the circuit:

Image 10. engine connection scheme without relay

Take a two.core wire with “naked” contacts on one side and fork on the other. We make one contact at a common point, the other at the point of the working winding. Connect the contacts of the working and starting windings using a screwdriver, stick a fork into a socket. The refrigerator should earn. If the launch does not occur, a malfunction in the motor or cable is possible.

One of the main indicators of air compressors is working pressure. In other words, this is the air compression level created in the receiver, which must be maintained within a certain range. Manually, referring to the manometer indicators, this is inconvenient, therefore, the compressor automation unit is engaged in maintaining the necessary compression level in the receiver.

To maintain pressure in the receiver at a certain level, most air compressors have an automation unit, Pressostat.

This equipment element turns on and turns off the engine at the right time, avoiding exceeding the compression level in the accumulative container or its value too low.

The pressure relay for the compressor is a block containing the following elements.

In addition, the automation to the compressor may have additions.

• Unloading valve. Designed to discharge pressure after a forced engine stop, which facilitates its re.launch.
• Thermal relay. This sensor protects the engine windings from overheating by limiting current strength.
• Time relay. Installed on compressors with a three.phase engine. The relay turns off the start.up capacitor a few seconds after the start of the engine start.
• Safety valve. If the relay fails, and the compression level in the receiver will rise to critical values, then to avoid the accident, the safety valve will work, dropping air.
• Gearbox.On this element, pressure gauges for measuring air pressure are installed. The gearbox allows you to set the required level of compression of the air entering the hose.

as follows. After starting the compressor engine in the receiver, pressure begins to increase. Since the air pressure regulator is connected to the receiver, the compressed air from it enters the membrane block of the relay. The membrane under the influence of air is bent up and compresses the spring. The spring, contracting, involves the switch that opens the contacts, after which the unit engine stops. With a decrease in the compression level in the receiver, the membrane installed in the pressure regulator is bending down. The spring is unclenched, and the switch closes the contacts, after which the engine is launched.

Correctly connect the refrigerator compressor

Connect the refrigerator compressor correctly on the computer

First you should understand how the compressor works and what function it performs. The essence of the compressor is the same in all refrigerators. It consists in pumping out the heated refrigerant from the evaporator and pump it into the capacitor, which is located on the rear wall of the unit. The capacitor cools and holds the refrigerant; After that, he enters the evaporator and thus cools the air inside the chamber.

To connect the refrigerator compressor, you need to start understanding its device first. Although the essence of the work of this part of the device is the same in all refrigerators, the scheme and their device may vary. Consider how it is arranged on the example of the compressor of the Atlant refrigerator.

Atlant refrigerator compressor diagram:

Most compressors of modern refrigerators are piston. As you can see in the photo, it consist of:

• casing of the motor-compressor;
• casing covers;
• compressor engine itself;
• stator;
• stator fastening bolt;
• compressor houses;
• cylinder;
• piston;
• valve slab;
• crankshaft;
• cro.wrapping neck of the shaft;
• Round neck of the shaft;
• Culifier clips;
• Culifier slider;
• injection tube;
• suspension hairpins;
• suspension springs;
• suspension bracket;
• shaft bearing;
• rotor.

The principle of operation is as follows: the motor drives the crankshaft in the compressor body. With the rotation of the shaft, the piston begins to work, performing reciprocating movements. Thus, he pumps the refrigerant and sends it to the capacitor. Further, the gas through the suction valve enters the chamber, which opens when creating a vacuum.

Before connecting the compressor from the refrigerator with your own hands, we will deal with the diagram and operation of the compressor relay.

Refrigerator compressor relay connection diagram

The function of the relay is that it launches the engine, that is, the engine, thanks to which the compressor works. In order to understand how to connect it, you need to understand what it consists of.

The main elements of the start-protecting relay can be depicted schematically:

• fixed contacts;
• mobile contacts;
• core rod;
• core;
• bimetal plate heater;
• Contacts of thermal relay.

Air compressor: make it with your own hands from the refrigerator

Portable air compressor, low.soured, consuming relatively few electricity. this is probably the dream of each owner of a private house, cottage, garage, small business object.

Well, it is quite acceptable to make a mobile installation of compressed air independently, for example, taking part of the equipment of the old household refrigerator. Each refrigeration unit has a built.in compressor.

If you remove this part, supplement with the equipment, you get an air compressor from the compressor of the refrigerator made by yourself.

Features of the idea of ​​air compression

Before deciding on the implementation of the idea, it is advisable to accurately decide: is this undertaking really worth taking on it? Consider several important aspects in the topic in order to help future designers make the right decision:

• Refrigerated compressors are not designed to work with air.
• The performance of compressors of household refrigerators is low.
• A special oil is required to lubricate the mechanism of refrigerated compressors.

Hence the relevant conclusions. When working with the air environment, the device will not be able to function for a long time without good cooling.

Когда холодильный компрессор работает с фреоном, за счёт иных температурных параметров хладагента осуществляется охлаждение корпуса.

The compression of the air mixture by the refrigerator compressor occurs in completely other temperature conditions, which will lead to an increase in operating temperature by an order of magnitude. Ultimately, without good cooling, the compressor will simply burn.

The burned compressor of the refrigerator as a result of violation of the technological modes of operation. The same fate is expected to be used in the project if you do not apply special protection tools

Small performance of home refrigeration units is another factor that limits the use of such equipment to obtain compressed air.

For example, to pump up a 5-liter receiver to a pressure of 5-7 atm., It will take at least 15-20 minutes of work of the refrigeration unit.

Meanwhile, this volume of air is not enough even to pump the car wheel for one sitting or paint a small wall of a small garage room.

Low performance of the refrigerator system is a common thing for such a technique. But under the air compression system, especially with a large value of consumption, a high.performance system is already required

Finally, another important factor is compressor oil. A special oil under the freon is used to lubricate the mechanism of refrigerated compressors, the properties of which in contact with the air change sharply.

If you do not change the oil to another type of lubricant, loyal in structure to air, after a certain time the compressor mechanism is simply “covered” due to the speedy wear of the parts.

Do.it.yourself design

So, if, despite all the noted nuances, a decision was made to assemble an air compressor from the refrigerator, you can proceed directly to the action.

Approximately this design should turn out as a result of the implementation of the planned idea. There are no complaints about the appearance. The device looks more than flawless and quite impressive

First of all, you should collect all the necessary details of the design equipment:

• Air receiver.
• Oil separator.
• Differential pressure relay.
• The pipe is copper.
• Air air filter input.
• Locking regulatory and control reinforcement.

For an air receiver, the concise air cylinder from the KAMAZ car is optimally suitable. The five.liter container has overall dimensions acceptable for the household environment and meets the requirements regarding the vessels working under pressure.

Checking the correct connection

Checking the correctness of connecting the compressor of the refrigerator is performed in accordance with the mounting circuit attached to the instruction manual. One wire coming from the outlet is connected directly to the compressor’s common point. The second cord passes through the refrigerator control unit, and then connects to the relay. A bimetallic fuse is located inside the device case, from it the power is supplied to the contact plates that distribute the energy between the windings (depending on the operating mode).

When checking the condition of the circuits, a test device is used, which allows you to determine the cliffs of the electrical wiring. An additional test is the control measurement of the pressure created by the piston group of the pump. The pressure gauge is installed to the pressure line (previously cut off from the refrigerant supply tubes), then gas is refueling into the system. After supplying power supply, the pressure in the system should be at least 6 MPa. If the pressure is lower, then the pump is considered faulty and must be replaced (regardless of the state of the electric drive).

Testing of the compressor electrical circuits does not always allow you to find the cause of the refrigerator breakdown. When using inverter devices for starting the engine, an electronic block is required, which is installed inside the refrigerator. Attempts to be forcibly launch such an electric motor will lead to short circuits and complete loss of performance. It is recommended to serve non.working installations with electronic control and inverter compressor in specialized service centers equipped with appropriate equipment.

Electric circuit with a refrigerator, wash a new refrigerator before the first use of what to do if the refrigerator ITESIT ITF 016 W refrigerator does not turn off with a low noise level

The compressor is a pumping unit with an electric drive and an engine, due to the operation of which the refrigerant circulation is carried out. Knowing the connection scheme for connecting the refrigerator compressor will help to determine at home whether the engine is working or is unusable. Sometimes you can independently find the cause of the breakdown, but it is better to entrust the specialist for accurate diagnostics and repair.

Conclusions and useful videos

The simple design of the starting relay allows you to independently find malfunctions and easily eliminate them. This does not need deep knowledge in an electrician or a special tool.

However, it is necessary to observe punctuality, since the functionality of expensive equipment depends on the quality of the work carried out.

If you want to talk about how the starting relay was selected to restore the performance of the refrigeration unit? Make useful information of articles that you should share with visitors to the site? Please write Комментарии и мнения владельцев in the block below, place photos, ask questions.

The compressor with an electric drive installed in refrigerated machines provides a refrigerant circulation and maintain the required temperature in freezers. If the performance decreases or the problems with the launch of the motor, you should check the condition of the circuits, and then start the refrigerator compressor without a relay, which will make sure that the unit is serviceable.

How to connect a three.phase compressor

For the circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerators, pumping blocks with a drive from an electric engine are used. Knowing the connection diagram of the refrigerator compressor will be needed by a novice master or user who independently serves refrigeration equipment. Correct switching will clarify the suitability of the motor for operation, but only the specialist will determine the exact cause of the breakdown.

Connection according to the instructions

The electric engine used to drive the pump is equipped with a double winding of excitement. Equipped power is required to start the equipment, so the launch winding is provided in the engine design. After the start of work, the power supply to the working winding is automatically switched, which ensures a decrease in energy consumption. Additional relay supporting the required temperature background are located to the compressor body.

To connect the refrigerator compressor according to the factory scheme, you will need to use a cable equipped with a plug outlet. The wires are brought to the conclusions on the relay case, since alternating current is used for power, the polarity of the connection is not taken into account.

To ensure reliable contact on the cables, terminals are installed, the type of elements depends on the modification and the relay manufacturer.

After the shtepsel is included in the outlet, the motor should earn, if the starting ended with failure, then you should start checking the components in the power circuit.

How to connect without relay

The equipment design uses a relay that switches the flow of current depending on the operating mode. The product provides protection for the windings of the electric motor, if it is damaged or absent, the normal start of the motor is impossible. The owner of the equipment can imitate the operation of the relay, which allows you to check the compressor performance. It is strictly prohibited to operate a refrigerator with an absent relay.

To turn on the equipment, it is necessary to provide an alternating current with a voltage of 220 V to both windings of the motor. To connect the product, a copper cable with a cross section of at least 0.75 mm² is required (the use of a monolithic or multi.core wire is allowed).

To ensure contact at the ends of the wires, connecting terminals are installed, which are fixed with solder or squeezing with a special tool.

The supply of power is carried out to the conclusions of the common point and the working winding (the location of the elements is indicated on the compressor body).

On some compressors to ensure access to contact elements, it will be necessary to remove a special container of plastic in which condensate and meltwater are collected.

To supply a short pulse to the launch winding, an electrical screwdriver is used (with a special plastic handle) or a separate toggle switch. The button is placed in the gap of the wire, which connect the conclusions of the windings. With proper windings and bearing supports, the engine begins to work, the starting winding is disconnected by removing the screwdriver or re.pressing the switch.

How to connect without a capacitor

The classic capacitor in refrigerator equipment is used to cool and convert the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid phase.

The refrigerant pump allows short-term operation without a condensation unit, but it is not recommended to operate the unit for a long time (due to the lack of oil supply).

In the compressor itself there is an electrolytic capacitor that provides an additional current pulse at the time of starting the equipment. The capacitor was used in refrigerators released in the 60-70s. last century.

Which manufacturer is used at home?

Electric motor connection diagrams to power supply

Almost daily we are faced with the same question from our customers: “How to connect an electric motor to a power supply network?»The easiest and most reliable way is to contact a normal electrician and not save on this, t.to. Often, trying to save money, they invite “Uncle Vasya”, or other responsive “specialists” who are nearby, but actually poorly understand what is happening.

At best, these “pros” calls and ask whether I connect correctly. There is still a chance not to burn the engine. The qualification of the “electrician” immediately becomes clear when they ask such questions from which you can simply fall into a stupor (since this is what they teach electricians).

For example:- Why are six contacts in the engine?- Why are there only three contacts?- What is a “star” and “triangle”?- And why, when I connect a three.phase pump and put a float switch that tears one phase, the engine does not stop?- and how to measure the current in windings?- What is a starter?and t.P.

If your electrician asks such questions, then you need to send him to where he came from. Otherwise, it will end with a burned electric motor, loss of money, time, expensive repairs. Let’s try to understand the circuits of connecting the electric motor to power supply.First you need to understand that there are several popular types of alternating current networks: 1. Single.phase network 220 V, 2.

Three.phase network 220 V (usually used on ships), 3. Three.phase network 220V/380V, 4. Three.phase network 380V/660V.There are also a voltage of 6000V and some other rare ones, but we will not consider them.

There are usually 4 wires in a three.phase network (3 phases and zero). There may also be a separate wire “Earth”. But there are no zero wire. How to determine the voltage in your network?Very simple. To do this, you need to measure the voltage between the phases and between the zero and the phase.

In networks 220/380 to the voltage between the phases (U1, U2 and U3) will be 380 V, and the voltage between the zero and phase (U4, U5 and U6) will be 220 V.

In networks 380/660V, the voltage between any phases (U1, U2 and U3) will be 660V, and the voltage between zero and phase (U4, U5 and U6) will be 380 V.

Possible circuits for connecting electric motors

Asynchronous electric motors have three windings, each of which has a beginning and end and corresponds to its phase. Systems for the designation of windings can be different.

In modern electric motors, a system for the designation of windings U, V and W is adopted, and their conclusions are indicated by the number 1 beginning of the winding and the number 2. its end, that is, the winding U has two conclusions: U1 and U2, winding V. V1 and V2, and winding W W1 and W2.

However, still in operation there are old asynchronous engines made during the USSR and having an old Soviet marking system. In them, the beginning of the windings indicate C1, C2, C3, and the ends. C4, C5, C6. So, the first winding has conclusions C1 and C4, the second. C2 and C5, and the third. C3 and C6.

The windings of three.phase electric motors can be connected according to two different schemes: a star (Y) or a triangle (Δ).

The name of the connection scheme is due to the fact that when connecting the windings according to this scheme (see. drawing on the right), visually this resembles a three.beam star.

As can be seen from the connection diagram of the electric motor, all three windings are connected together with one end. With this connection (network 220/380 V), a voltage of 220 V is separately suitable for each winding, and voltage 380 V is sequentially connected to two windings connected in series.

The main advantage of connecting the electric motor according to the star scheme are small starting currents, since the supply voltage 380 V (interfacial) consumes 2 windings at once, unlike the “triangle” circuit.

But with this connection, the power of the powerful electric motor is limited (mainly for economic considerations): usually relatively weak electric motors are included in the star.

Connection of the electric motor according to the triangle circuit

The name of this scheme also comes from the graphic image (see. Right drawing):

As can be seen from the connection diagram of the electric motor. “triangle”, the windings are connected sequentially to each other: the end of the first winding is connected to the beginning of the second and so on.

That is, a voltage of 380 V will be applied to each winding (using a 220/380 V network). In this case, a larger current flows along the windings, the triangle usually includes engines of greater power than when connecting via a star (from 7.5 kW and above).

Connecting the electric motor to a three.phase network by 380 in

one. First we find out what voltage is our network designed.

Next, look at the plate that is on the electric motor, it may look like this (star Y /triangle Δ):

Engine for a single.phase network 220V (~ 1, 220V)

Engine for a three.phase network220V/380V (220/380, δ/y)

Engine for a three.phase network 380V (~ 3, Y, 380V)

Engine for a three.phase network (380V / 660V (Δ / Y, 380V / 660V)

After identifying the parameters of the network and the electrical connection parameters of the electric motor (the star Y /Triangle δ), we move on to the physical electrical connection of the electric motor.four. To enable a three.phase electric motor, you need to simultaneously apply for all 3 phases.

A common cause of the failure of the electric motor. work on two phases. This can happen due to a faulty starter, or when a phase is distorted (when the voltage in one of the phases is much less than the other two).

There are 2 ways to connect an electric motor:

When turned on, these devices are applied to all 3 phases at once. We recommend that you put the MS series electric motor protection machine, since it can be configured exactly to the working current of the electric motor, and it will sensitively monitor its increase in case of overload. This device at the time of starting makes it possible for some time to work on high (starting) current, without disconnecting the engine.

The usual protection machine must be set with excess of the rated current of the electric motor, taking into account the starting current (2-3 times higher than the value).Such an automatic machine can turn off the engine only in the event of a short circuit or its jamming, which often does not provide the necessary protection The use of the starter

Connecting the refrigerator compressor to the new device

So, it’s time to throw away your old broken refrigerator on a landfill? Even if it is no longer repaired (for example, due to the leak of the freon), it still has valuable working units and spare parts that need to be removed! First of all, this applies to the compressor of the refrigerator.

It will come in handy more than once to pump air, for example, in wheels or for the manufacture of a home.made paint apparatus. airbrush. To remove the compressor from the refrigerator, you will have to unscrew only 4 nuts and cut off with a hacksaw only 2 tubes. the input and output. The third tube (freon) is in a tight.

The copper tube in the immediate vicinity of the unit can be simply eaten with nippers, and not saw off. Of course, before proceeding to dismantle, the refrigerator must be disconnected from the outlet!

The next step is to check the withdrawn unit for performance. To do this, you need to connect it to the electric network. If the compressor works, the sound of hissing is clearly heard. the air is sucked into one tube and thrown into another. Remove the knot from the old refrigerator should be as accurately as possible so that the oil in it remains intact and safety. It is necessary to cut the cable going to the temperature sensor, then you need to measure the resistance and study the location of the closed contacts that will be used during further assembly, it is very good if the electrocope circuit of the old refrigerator is preserved.

Preparatory work

Having determined the output tube from the compressor, it is better to mark it right away, because the oil filter will need to be attached to it. In order to ensure that the compressor does not overheat the compressor in the new device and does not fail ahead of time, it is better to install a new relay to it, it is ideal if the relay is original, corresponding to the brand of the old refrigerator. To correctly connect the relay, you need to study the refrigerator diagram and connect exactly in the same order that was in the refrigerator and which shows the scheme. If the refrigerator is not preserved for the refrigerator, the circuit scheme can be found on the Internet.

Also, the new device will have to be equipped with a receiver, which can be bought in a store or manufactured independently. You still need a plastic bottle for assembly, through the holes in the cover of which the input and output tubes will pass. After inserting the tubes, the bottle should be poured with epoxy resin, and the bottle should stand down before the resin should be laid down. After solidifying the resin of the tube and the lid will be tightly mounted in the bottle.

To connect the air pumping air with some device, you need to hose of glass miners, which, like a relay, can be bought in any car shop shop. During the operation of the device, you should carefully monitor the level of oil, which prevents overheating. It should also be remembered that the compressor from the old refrigerator should not work longer than 45 minutes.

The refrigerator is rewinds of food: why is this happening?

How to check the wiring and connect the compressor from the old refrigerator without relay and circuit?

Many are interested in connecting the compressor precisely without a relay, and there are significant nuances, information about which to find is quite difficult. It is not so much the scheme that is important here as the principle. First you need to call the overall conclusion, which is located apart, to the left of the other two. Having put the terminal to the general conclusion, you need to find a working winding with a second terminal. For example, one exit shows 14 Ohms, and the second shows 37.9 Ohms. Which of these windings is working? Many mistakenly argue that the working winding is one that shows greater resistance. But this is not fundamentally true.

The worker is the winding that shows less resistance! And the one that shows greater resistance is the starting (launch)! If you confuse them and connect the compressor incorrectly, it will quickly overheat and will not last for a long time. Therefore, in this matter, accuracy is needed!

This rule works for compressors of refrigerators, and this should not be forgotten. The next mandatory preparatory stage before connecting is a check, whether any of the windings on the case breaks through. Otherwise, it may happen that you will touch the body of the working device, and you will hit the current. And this is not excluded, because the compressor is not a new. To check, you need to touch the winding with the left terminal, and right. anywhere to the body, in the same way test the second and third exit. Only if the device showed that all three exits are reliable and do not break through, you can connect such a compressor to the working device.

The next stage. using terminals, you need to connect a compressor from the old refrigerator equipment to the voltage. First. for the general wire and for the working. And on the launch voltage will be supplied with a short.term touch of the bare wire. But you need to do this carefully and carefully so as not to get an electric shock. When the voltage is supplied, the compressor begins to buzz, and when we touch the starting output, it will turn on and the air will begin to blow. The optimal work time is 10-15 minutes, during which time some unit is allowed, up to 50 degrees, but you can’t allow more.

Is Freon harmful from the refrigerator for humans

If the wiring is in order, you need to replace the oil!

Of course, the oil can be left old, but whether it is worth spending so much effort to connect the old compressor to the new device only for a few sessions of work? Most likely, there is a long.proven oil inside, which contains metal particles and poorly protects the unit from overheating. It is best to completely drain the old oil and pour new machine oil. Where to fill it is not a question. As a rule, a large bolt is clearly visible on the compressor case, which must be unscrewed with a wrench with a wrench. Through an open hole and drain the old and filling new oil.

Fastening the compressor of the refrigerator

The compressor vibrates greatly during operation, and manufacturers, wanting to reduce the assembly time of the devices, refuse the bolts and use the fastening of the parts of the case. Such a mount weakens. Experts recommend tightening the compressor mount, or even additionally fix with wire or cable ties to reduce vibrations. If the fastening is bolted. try to pull them up.

On a note! When buying a new refrigerator, you need to carefully read the operating instructions. it should be said that before including the device you need to unscrew all the compressor transport bolts, because they can also lead to an increased noise level.