Drilling a pipe along the walls of horizontal. Swing drilling

DIY drill drill for horizontal drilling

Horizontal-renewal drilling is the process of laying pipes without digging trenches. This method of laying pipes and other communications is performed under highways and railways, which makes it possible to maintain the integrity of structures. To implement such a technology, you will need a special installation for horizontal drilling.

Why drill a horizontal method

The technology of horizontally referred drilling GND is in great demand, which is often associated with great opportunities for saving. over, the savings are 2.5-3 times, compared with the vertical technology of digging trenches.

The technology in question is used to lay pipes, which will subsequently serve as a protective shell for power and telephone cables.

The pipe laid are called sewer, in which the wires are laid electric, telephone and wholesale-fiber.

The horizontal method is also in demand for laying pipelines along which drinking water is transported, sewer and storm drains are merged. The use of this technology ensures the safety of the natural landscape, which is also a significant plus.

Additional advantages of the sewage drilling technology under consideration are:

• Reduced financial costs for labor, since all work is carried out at the expense of specialized equipment. The human factor is present only when managing this technique.
• The laying and construction of the pipeline, not only under structures such as highways and railway tracks, but also under reservoirs, for example, through the mouth of the river.
• The minimum number of employees. Depending on the length of the route, a team of 3-5 people is required for the construction of the pipeline.

When making a decision on the conduct of the GND for the construction of the sewage system, the customer benefits in the form of good savings.

How is drilling horizontal way. equipment

The following technique is used for horizontally referred:

• The drill for performing horizontal drilling is the main machine.
• Local drilling systems. control equipment.
• Additional equipment and components.

When drilling, it is important to ensure control over the drilling machine, therefore location systems are used for such purposes. These systems play an important role, since the drill during operation is located in the soil outside the controlled visual zone. Due to location systems, a collision of a drill with different obstacles, for example, stones or other types of communications, is excluded.

The basis of such a system is a mini-zond that tracks geolocation during drilling. The probe is attached to the head of the drill, and all the information from the device enters the operator’s remote control, which controls the mechanism. Installation of the GND is a professional type of equipment that has a complex design, as well as the high cost. The basis of the installation is the following constructive details:

Consider the functional part of the installation.

Structural components of a drill installation

The horizontal drill installation for laying communications consists of three main parts or sections:

• Bourn. the main device that makes a trench underground for the subsequent laying of the pipeline.
• The water supply hose to the drill is a cooling system, since the metal of the metal occurs during the operation of the drill. To extend the service life of cutting teeth, when drilling, water is supplied to them.
• Control panel. presented in the form of a remote control.

These are the main elements of the operating device that perform horizontal drilling.

Such installations are classified according to the criteria of the boundary force of the broach, which have distinctive indicators:

All these indicators are the main characteristic of the installations. The most important criterion is the bending radius, which characterizes the possibility of installing different types of obstacles. From secondary equipment, without which it is impossible to get a horizontal trench, include:

• Fixators and adapters. are used to build the required length of the pipeline.
• Expanders. are used depending on the need to obtain a channel of the corresponding diameter.
• Pumping equipment. provides water supply to the installation.
• Generators. for uninterrupted installation operation.
• Lighting.

Before starting the drilling process, you need to approach the selection of a drill installation correctly. Based on all the above factors, a suitable installation and components are selected.

We start drilling. important stages of preparation

Horizontal drilling, performed with your own hands, implies a puncture of a puncture using professional equipment. Before proceeding with the channel under the road or railway, you should prepare for this process. To obtain a drilled hole, it is necessary to align the site on which equipment will be placed.

The size of the site on which the installation will be placed should be at least 10×15 m. The site is made precisely in the place of the planned puncture under the road. Only after the site of the required size is prepared, you can transport appropriate equipment and equipment.

After placing the equipment, the anchor installation procedure is carried out, which is implemented using the screws. After the anchoring procedure, the process of adjusting the angle of the drill entering the ground is carried out.

It is also necessary to prepare the installation that prepares a bentonite solution. This solution mixes the special machine, which should be placed next to the drilling mechanism. The distance between these devices should be at least 10 meters. A solution of bentonite is used to strengthen the walls of the well, as well as to eliminate the earth from a drum channel.

The preparatory process also includes the following measures:

• Arrangement of special pits at the input and output of the channel. An excessive amount of solution will move to these wells.
• Determine the presence of underground communications that should not be touched by a drilling rig.
• To study the nature of the soil, on the basis of which a decision of the choice of optimal route for drilling will be made.
• Configure the connection between the foreman and the operator of the technique.

Horizontal drilling

From the very beginning it must be said that horizontal drilling of wells is drilling not only in the strict plane of the horizon, but also under the slope.

Purely geometrically, if you take a right angle as a basis, where the horizontal part is horizontally directed drilling, and the vertical part is classic, then in reality horizontally directed drilling is a punching of soil with a possible deviation from absolute horizontal by 45 degrees in any direction.

In practice, horizontal drilling technology is implemented using a specialized installation with a mobile mechanism for choosing the angle of entering the ground.

The driving force of the drill can be different- from network electricity with a voltage of 220 V and a capacity of 1.5- 2 kW to compressors on diesel or gaseous fuel with a capacity of several tens of kW (for mines, oil and gas pipelines, there are installations with power with power several hundred kilowatts.

A very important feature of drilling is the regular extension of the length of the drill, which means that the rotation mechanism must do progressive movements, exerting pressure on the working surface of the drill. Ideally, the length of the drill in its maximum is not limited, or rather, it is limited, but it is much larger than the length of the necessary passage.

Important: there is one very unpleasant nuance in horizontal drilling, and, the longer the drilled canal, the more noticeable this feature.

We are talking about the laws of physics and dynamics:. the longer the drill, the more it is attracted by the Earth according to the law of universal gravity (I law of Newton);. as a result. the position of the drill in the ground is not perfectly straight, but bent (hyperbolic), which when the tool is rotated gives a large radial beating.

In practice, it looks like this: the longer the drill, the larger the hole you get at the output, the more significant the collapse of the output edge will be. In principle, nothing particularly terrible will happen, but if you need to insert steel pipes after drilling, then problems with calibration of the hole for the diameter may occur.

Application of the horizontal drilling method in practice

Initially, this type of drilling was used only in the mining industry (oil and gas wells, horizontal shoes of coal and salt mines), but with the advent of more compact units, it became possible to use this technology in road construction and when laying engineering communications.

Private land ownership (suburban houses, cottages, cottages) serves as an excellent sweating for the domestic use of horizontal drilling installation.

With its help, you can perform several types of labor costs in extremely short time with minimal factors of pollution of the site and changing its surface:. the horizontal drilling method serves to break the drainage ditches under the road with the subsequent strengthening of the resulting channel;. horizontal drilling services are in demand for laying a water supply system using polypropylene pipes, PND or PVD pipes;. inclined horizontal drilling is necessary for the proper orientation (under the slope) of the sewer line;

Tip: if horizontal drilling is carried out not by professional employees of the service organization, but by the owner of the site, then it should be remembered that the speed of the drill rotation, the progressive force that is supplied to it, and the choice of the drill head (if quite accurately, then a coronary cutter, often simply called a crown). In order not to burn the installation for horizontally directed drilling, it is necessary to remember a very simple rule for the use of crowns:. loose soils, sandstone and turf are taken by any drill (naturally suitable diameter);. wattle fence, clay and meting salt deposits. a two.pointed crown;

Important: drilling horizontal wells is accompanied by a sufficiently powerful vibration, from which the soil can sag and collapse, making drilling useless.

To prevent this, it is necessary to strengthen the resulting channel in parallel with drilling operations.

That is, the drill in length, except for the direct tip, is in the shirt, which helps to preserve the necessary result.

Rural workshop: horizontal drilling with your own hands

Violate the idyll made by a landscape designer, or destroy the just repaired road in order to dig a trench, of course, but there is a cheaper and relatively simple way.

In order to manufacture horizontal drilling with your own hands, you need to get the right material (pipes).

Choose one of them of suitable length (if you are going to make a channel under the road, then the length of the pipe should be at least half of the width of the road) and make the teeth on one end. They do not need to be sharpened or somehow focusing-it is enough to cut out a conventional corner grinder.

The resulting tool is called “Shlyamur”. At the other end, two through holes (from 16 to 25 mm) are strictly drilled in diameter, into which the corresponding metal bar is inserted.

Want to feel like a strong man? Wrap the handle sticking out of pipes yourself! Tired? Then, horizontal drilling with his own hands receives a bonus in the form of a small mechanization. to the pin, put into the pipe, is welded into the middle of another. so that the axis coincides with the axis of the pipe. Now the free end must be fixed on the ashrater (preferably industrial) or electric motor (with a reducing reduction gear for revolutions and increasing power) and begin rotation.

Horizontal drilling under the road, in open ground, drilling with slope. the same, only with manual control.

Important: When carrying out independent work, be sure to remember the safety, and do not try to change the direction of drilling if at least a third of the drill has already entered the ground. It should be noted that during the work of the playback, the entire generated breed enters the tool, so do not forget to clean it in a timely manner for the ease and accuracy of work.

What it is?

Horizontal-fired drilling (GND) is a type of tarantine drilling, due to which it is possible to maintain the surface of the landscape (for example, a roadway, improvement elements, etc. D.). This technique appeared back in the 60s of the last century and is popular today. The technique makes it possible to reduce the cost of drilling, or rather, restoration of the landscape after this process.

On average, the cost of work is reduced by 2-4 times.

Features of technology

In simple words, the principle of the method boils down to the creation of 2 punctures in the ground (pits) and the underground “stroke” between them using a horizontal-tone laying of pipes. This technology also resort to in cases where it is impossible to dig a trench (for example, on historically valuable objects). The technique implies the implementation of preparatory work (soil analysis, the preparation of 2 sites. at the points of the entrance and exit of the trench), the formation of the pilot well and its subsequent expansion in accordance with the diameter of the pipes. At the final stage of work, pipes and/or wires are delayed in the obtained trenches.

With the GND, both plastic and steel pipes can be laid in a trench. The former can be fixed at an angle, while the latter. only in a straight path. This allows you to use polypropylene pipes in trenches under reservoirs.

Horizontal drilling is effective in solving the following problems:

• laying of electric cables, gas and pipelines to objects;
• obtaining wells for oil production and extraction of other minerals;
• Updating communications that have been worn out;
• Formation of underground highways.

In addition to this economy, this drilling technique has other advantages:

• minimum destruction of the surface of the earth (only 2 punctures are made);
• reduction of work time by 30%;
• reduction in the number of workers’ brigade (required 3-5 people);
• Equipment mobility, it is easy to install and transport;
• the ability to conduct work in any territories (historical centers, on the territory of the passage of high.voltage lines) and soils;
• the ability to preserve the soil without damaging its fertile layers;
• The implementation of work does not require a change in the usual rhythm: overlapping of movement and t. P.;
• Not harmful to ecology.

The described benefits determine the popularity and wide distribution of the GND method. However, it has disadvantages.

• With the use of standard installations for deep drilling, it is possible to lay pipes with a length of not more than 350-400 meters. If you need to lay a longer pipeline, you have to make joints.
• If it is necessary to install underground longer pipes or passing them at a great depth of the tactrand method will be too costly.

Horizontal drilling for laying pipes with your own hands. Metalist Handbook

Horizontal drilling with your own hands of any complexity with low financial and physical costs is possible on any land with a minimum set of materials and tools.

Equipment for horizontal drilling is a pretty expensive pleasure. But if there is no financial opportunity to purchase such a technique, then you can make a mini GNB yourself. This idea is quite fulfilling that our people’s craftsmen showing their HND installations on various forums have repeatedly demonstrated.

The manufactured equipment is ideal for household purposes, as it allows you to perform horizontal drilling with your own hands of any complexity.

For example, in the process of working with pipelines, you often need to do a horizontal course. This process is quite complicated, and only a physically strong person can perform it.

• A welding apparatus of medium and high power (you can use inverters, but their frequencies are not enough).
• Grinder or corner grinder with discs 180 or 230 mm, and it should be two.handed.
• The consumption of the discs will be quite large, so you need to purchase them more.
• Sledgehammer.
• Reinforcement Ø from 20 mm and 10 cm long more than a drilled hole and steel pipes of the same length.
• Pump with a hose.
• Tube of 150 liters. (recommend more) with a wide neck.
• Drill (you can make it yourself).
• Funnel with a hose with a length of 2 m.

The sequence of work

With the help of a grinder or corner grinder, a piece of reinforcement up to 2 m long is pulled, which must be sharpened evenly. If you use the reinforcement more than 2 m long, then it will bend.

Then you can start drilling. To do this, the sharpened piece of reinforcement is clogged with sledgehammer in the ground in the right direction.

Stages of work when performing GND with your own hands

After the entire segment is clogged, the next piece of reinforcement is welded to it. This allows you to deepen to the desired depth. If the rod rested on the breed, then you can bend it, but you need to be very careful. The process will end after the pointed part of the reinforcement appears at the exit. This is how the guide of the rod is formed.

Then take the pipe with a diameter with a large diameter and put on the armature. Another pipe (drilling glass) is put on top of it, which will not allow it to be flattened when hitting, after clogging the glass is removed. The pipe is also pulled by corner grinding, so that it goes to the ground.

After clogging the pipe to a depth of 2 m, a pump is installed in it and water is supplied. To increase pressure, you need to use no smaller nozzles. Water will go from the open part of the pipe, for which a barrel with a volume of 150 liters is used.

When the work is completed, the barrel is removed and empty. Then you can weld another cut and continue the process with your own hands until the pipe appears on the other side.

Drilling rig

Horizontal drilling machines as one of the automated options

The construction of the well is performed not only with the help of a sledgehammer, as they use a more modern method using a special installation of horizontal drilling. This allows you to perform large.scale work. But the use of such equipment increases the cost of work several times.

The main thing is when using such an installation. this is not to forget that it must be installed in accordance with technologies and norms. Working with drilling equipment requires all the rules, therefore, before doing work, you need to familiarize yourself with the instructions. Drilling installation is divided into two types.

Manual installation

With the help of the rotation of the pipe, a gradual drilling occurs. The soil is washed out in the way described above, for this work sometimes has to be interrupted. In this case, it is also advisable to use the reinforcement.

Electric

Horizontal drilling. the most common

UGB moves on the rail, so the drilling speed is higher. But in this case, problems often arise when it hits the breed, but if it is not very strong, then the installation will cope with it. The process is faster, but the drilling installation is expensive.

Drilling with modern, high.tech technology does not always pass quickly, therefore a dense breed often gets. If the process proceeds automatically, then a pump with a filter for pumping is required to the tank for washed land.

After the drilling end with their own hands, in all cases, the pipe is left in place, but sometimes it is changed to polypropylene, because it has more service life.

Horizontal drilling for laying pipes with your own hands. metals, equipment, instructions

It is quite difficult to drill a horizontal well with your own hands, but it is quite possible if you are in good physical shape.

Comparison of the traditional and horizontal drilling method.

For horizontal drilling, you will need the following materials and tools:

• metal pipes with the required diameter, their length should be 10 cm larger than the width of the road;
• welding machine;
• corner grinder;
• pump equipped with a hose;
• manual drill for horizontally directed drilling;
• sledgehammer;
• a funnel on which the hose is worn (2 m);
• barrel (200 l). it is better that the container is made of steel or plastic.

Horizontal drilling process

In order to perform horizontally directed drilling with your own hands correctly, it is very important to observe the basic conditions of the technology. The entire process is carried out in several stages.

First of all, on both sides of the road, it is necessary to dig 2 psyms with a depth equal to the pipe, the installation of which is ahead. In addition, so that the process of horizontal drilling in the future does not cause unnecessary inconvenience, it is recommended to leave about 20 cm.

Since the place of main work will be the pier, it is worth making sure that they continue the trench.

Horizontal drilling for laying pipes with your own hands. metals, equipment, instructions

It is quite difficult to drill a horizontal well with your own hands, but it is quite possible if you are in good physical shape.

Comparison of the traditional and horizontal drilling method.

For horizontal drilling, you will need the following materials and tools:

• metal pipes with the required diameter, their length should be 10 cm larger than the width of the road;
• welding machine;
• corner grinder;
• pump equipped with a hose;
• manual drill for horizontally directed drilling;
• sledgehammer;
• a funnel on which the hose is worn (2 m);
• barrel (200 l). it is better that the container is made of steel or plastic.

Drilling horizontal way

Horizontal drilling with your own hands of any complexity with low financial and physical costs is possible on any land with a minimum set of materials and tools.

Equipment for horizontal drilling is a pretty expensive pleasure. But if there is no financial opportunity to purchase such a technique, then you can make a mini GNB yourself. This idea is quite fulfilling that our people’s craftsmen showing their HND installations on various forums have repeatedly demonstrated.

The manufactured equipment is ideal for household purposes, as it allows you to perform horizontal drilling with your own hands of any complexity.

For example, in the process of working with pipelines, you often need to do a horizontal course. This process is quite complicated, and only a physically strong person can perform it.

• A welding apparatus of medium and high power (you can use inverters, but their frequencies are not enough).
• Grinding or angular grinder with discs 180 or 230 mm, and it should be two.handed.
• The consumption of the discs will be quite large, so you need to purchase them more.
• Sledgehammer.
• Reinforcement Ø from 20 mm and 10 cm long more than a drilled hole and steel pipes of the same length.
• Pump with a hose.
• Tube of 150 liters. (recommend more) with a wide neck.
• Drill (you can make it yourself).
• Funnel with a hose with a length of 2 m.

How to make a puncture with your own hands

In domestic conditions, if it is necessary to lay an underground water supply or gas fishing line for a small diameter trimmer into a house at a short distance, you can use industrial passage techniques.

One of the effective species is the hydraulic driving holes in the ground, for the following works they come in this way:

• Take metal pipes of the desired diameter of 1 m. (the large length of the pipe will require too voluminous place of work) for the entire length of the hole and cut into them from one end thread, the couples with the internal thread of a similar cross.section and step are welded to the other.
• For water supply, a submersible or surface electric pump is used, using a transition coupling, one end that is attached to a pipe end, and the output pipe of the pump unit is attached to the other.
• Dig in the ground a pit of the necessary depth and a length that allows you to conveniently place a steel meter of pipe for pushing in it.
• In advance, they calculate the paths of wells, connects the pipe to the electric pump, supplies water and begin to push it into the ground, controlling the direction and deviation vertically by the construction level.
• After deepening the first pipe, the electric pump is turned off, the pipe is disconnected and screw the second pipe into the thread, connecting the electric pump from the other end and bringing water to it.
• The operation is periodically repeated until the channel passes to the desired length, upon completion of the work, the pipeline is removed and dismantled.
• PND is inserted into the channel, removed to the right place and on this the work is considered completed.

For a vertical laying of the mine in the house, a homemade drill is used, the length of which also depends on the depth of the line, it is turned using a drill or a pen.

Home.made drilling devices can also be used for horizontal passage in everyday life, while the rotation of the drill is carried out using a power tool, lengthening it with metal rods with a threaded connection.

Testranchic laying of pipelines is an effective method of solving problems in cases where digging trenches is impossible or economically impractical. During the work, a wide range of industrial methods is used using special equipment, some technologies can be successfully applied in everyday life.

Features of tactrand technology

Even from the name it is clear that in this case there is no need to dig trenches. But in this case, we are only talking about the intersection of road or railway canvases, reservoirs. The objects of the pipeline route are brought in a traditional way, but there it passes through the soil, so the road surface (or rails, sleepers) remains unharmed.

The pluses of the method

Testranchy sewage laying or other engineering systems has undeniable advantages. These include:

• high efficiency;
• relative noiselessness;
• a small amount of preparatory work;
• small number of maintenance personnel;
• lack of need to block movement;
• the ability to carry out work at any time of the year;
• complete lack of risk of damage to other communications;
• lower costs, compared with the traditional trenches;
• Universality: the technology makes it possible to lay the track in any area;
• reducing the installation timing of systems, since professionals can be completed within a few days.

The most important advantage of this technology is the lack of serious damage to the environment, because you do not have to restore the road surface.

Cons of technology

Are there any shortcomings? They are not if you consider the method from the point of view of professional builders. Owners of suburban areas can find relative disadvantages even in a taranteous gasket. This is the need to hire special equipment and labor costs when the operation is carried out without the participation of special equipment.

The novelty of the technology can be considered a small drawback, which in some cases can cause workers’ ignorance of its features. Another potential problem is the lack of special equipment, but it is a fixable matter.

Areas of use

After the invention of new tactransch methods, the need for a large amount of earthwork disappeared. For this reason, these technologies use very widely. To verify the irreplaceability of methods, it is better to get acquainted with the areas of their application. Types of jobs:

• laying of communication cables;
• Testranchy sewage gasket;
• installation of underground heating mains, oil pipelines;
• laying of gas pipelines, water pipelines underground;
• Repair or replacement of damaged highways.

One of the types of tactrand laying (GND) makes it possible to carry out communications in those places where the use of other methods is completely excluded. For example, if there is no chance for the entrance of large construction equipment, when the area is likely in the area and t. D.

Technique, materials for laying

Despite the fact that there are differences in the methods, a tactrand laying of sewage systems or other engineering systems is an operation during which the links of the pipeline are pushed into the ground. Therefore, they most often use a certain set of equipment. It includes:

• Pipe laying installations: on a tracked or pneumatic course;
• welding equipment for connecting the links of the highway;
• pipes, nozzles, drill heads, screws, rimmers;
• diesel hydraulic stations (oil stations);
• cameras, monitors for observation;
• bulldozers, winches, tractors;
• Hydraulic jacks.

Each type of tactrand technology may require additional elements, as well as auxiliary equipment. It all depends on the characteristics of the soil, the features and sizes of the “overcome obstacle”.

Advantages of laying pipes by the GND method. how work is performed

You can lay pipeline communications without opening the soil, but using tactrandic methods of laying pipes. This option does not form visible violations of the site, retains whole asphalt roads, does not destroy vegetation. Realize this method today can be used by one of several methods.

The predominant points of pipe laying without trenches

Most often, pipeline systems are laid by means of dug trenches. This method has some significant drawbacks:

• Violation of the fertile layer due to opening of the soil.
• Removing vegetation, including trees and shrubs.
• High tariffs for work ongoing.
• Long preparation.

In addition, the channel passing through the roadway cannot be laid without violating the asphalt coating, which inevitably leads to the reconstruction of the road at the end of work. And the overlap of the lively section of the track can cause certain difficulties. The solution to the problems in this case is a tactrand or closed laying of communication lines, including the laying of the GND pipes.

The specified method has many advantages:

• Lower material costs for the implementation of the process.
• Accelerated installation process.
• Minimum labor costs, including the number of workers.
• Environmental safety.
• All.season work (frozen soil makes it difficult to open pipes at low air temperature).
• Ensuring safety on conducted work.

The installation process performed in a short area, for example, under a roadless canvas, does not require involving special equipment. The process of such laying is quite simple. It requires a certain size cylinder and a bar with elements of building. Such a device allows you to manually remove the soil, but first you need to dig small pits on the sides of the road, that is, at the entrance and output of the pipe. If installation involves work on a long area, then it is necessary to attract special equipment.

Options for a closed laying

The tassurous method of laying pipes is used during different communication systems:

• Communication cables.
• Pipelines transporting oil, gas and thermal resources.
• Sewage, as well as cold and hot water supply.
• Repair work in certain sections of the pipeline or replacing individual sections of the pipe.

Closed pipeline laying currently involves many ways to execute. In particular, the following options are distinguished:

• Replacing outdated pipe products with new elements (rehabilitation).
• Piercing the soil.
• Punctization of soil.
• Horizontal-controlled drilling.

The first option (rehabilitation) is used if it is necessary to carry out repair work or a complete replacement of individual elements of the pipeline is required. Other options imply direct laying of pipe elements. Testranchic laying is widespread, since the indicated method helps to prevent many problems that arise with the open laying of the pipeline.

Using the sanitation method for repairing and laying pipelines

Sanning is a closed laying of pipes, the implementation of which involves the replacement of old elements with new pipe products. There are two ways to perform the process:

Relaying

This method involves the preservation of the old system and its use as a capsule for a new pipeline. Before the work, preliminary high.quality cleaning of the pipe from excess garbage is required. Then a new tube element has a smaller diameter is inserted into it. Despite the fact that modern pipes are made from materials with excellent high.quality characteristics, the old design can act as additional protection, reducing the risk of accidents.

Relaining work can be performed in several ways, in particular, drawing the pipe. This process begins at the end of the old communication and before the start of the pipe. For the duration of the work, the site is disconnected from the general system, then a new element made of more technological materials is inserted into the repaired pipe on this site. Relay allows a slight destruction of some sections of the old pipeline. “Which pipe in a ditch for a race is better to choose. types and features, laying rules”.

Relaining requires a mandatory replacement of the repaired segment by temporary elements. At the end of the process, temporary elements are removed, and the restored section is connected to the system.

Renovation

If the first method involves the repair of old communications with the partial introduction of new elements, then as a result of the renovation process, a complete update of lines is performed. In some cases, a change in the diameter of the pipeline is allowed. Renovation involves the destruction of obsolete elements in the process of introducing a new line. At the same time, the broken parts of the pipes remaining in the ground play the role of the sealing shell for the new system.

The sanitation allows the replacement of communications from ceramics, concrete and metal.

Installation of pipes by puncture

The puncture method is used most on clay and loamy soils. In this way, you can lay pipes with a diameter of not more than 600 mm. The maximum distance to which you can lay pipes using a puncture of soil is 60 meters. Such wiring involves soil compaction around the pipe. The puncture can only be performed with the help of special equipment, since this requires force of 3000 kN. The most common option is a puncture and the help of a hydraulic jack.

How is a tactrand pipe laying: features of a method example of work

During the construction of new pipelines, as well as in the repair or replacement of old communications, tactrand laying of pipes is actively used.

A variety of methods allows you to choose the optimal way. depending on the complexity of the site or the density of development.

In this material, we will tell in detail about the methods of taemanic laying of pipelines and their distinctive features.

Advantages and features of BPT

The following aspects are obvious advantages compared to excavation work when digging trenches:

• reduction in the terms of work;
• minimizing the cost of restoring improvement;
• saving the work of infrastructure facilities in normal mode;
• reducing influence on environmentally friendly areas.

The choice of a tactrand lining method of the pipeline depends on the diameter of the necessary well, the characteristics of the landscape and soils, the material of the laid pipes, the presence or absence of existing communications.

There are many options for implementation, but among them you can distinguish four main methods: sanitation, pushing and puncture of the soil, horizontal-controlled drilling.

Reconstruction and replacement of the pipeline method

The sanitation method is used in cases where during the revision the need was revealed a complete or partial replacement of the existing pipeline.

The following problems are effectively solved with the help of rehabilitation:

• clogging of pipeline sections and cracking;
• the destruction of local communications branches of trees;
• The threat of pipe breakthrough as a result of corrosion.

Depending on the state of communications and the tasks set to resort to relaneing or renovation technology.

Relaining technology or “pipe in the pipe”

Relaying. a sanction option used for pipelines in which a non.essential reduction in diameter is possible. If the real service life of metal pipes is exhausted and there are fears that they work before the next breakthrough, then they are previously cleaned of calcium deposits, rust and sand.

Prepare a polyethylene liner, having the type of sleeve, which is previously filled with a polymer composition evenly distributed throughout the length. This polymer stocking under the pressure of water or air is straightened inside the pipe, while turning it inside out, so that the previously applied composition adjoins the walls of the pipeline.

After the sleeve filled the entire segment of a worn pipeline, the polymerization process is carried out under the influence of temperature. As a result, both the strength of communications and their throughput increases.

Another relapse technology involves the laying of new polypropylene pipes from the inside of the existing old. In this way, steel, ceramic, asbestos-cement, cast-iron, concrete and reinforced concrete pipelines with a diameter of 200-315 mm are replaced.

At the same time, it is required to take into account that in the places of connection of PVC pipes, a seam of about 15 mm is formed, and from it it is necessary to measure the gap between the inner diameter of the old pipe and the outer surface of the pipe of the new.

Due to the low hydraulic resistance of plastic pipes, the throughput does not deteriorate even when the diameter is reduced.

Updating pipelines by renovation technology

Another version of the sanitation is renovation. The relaxing is much less gentle attitude to existing communications, which are destroyed and compacted in the soil, creating a protective shell for a new pipeline, which often has a larger diameter.

For such a taurine laying of pipes, specialized equipment is needed-a pneumatic machine with a transplant cone equipped with cutting ribs is used. The video under the article clearly shows how the cone copes with a pipe of 6 mm steel.

The working mechanism is fixed to the traction cable, after which modules from PVC pipes are applied in stages, the length of which can range from 600 to 1000 mm. depending on the width of the well. The pneumatic hose is connected to the compressor, after which, together with the safety cable, it is passed through the connected modules.

The entrance to the replaced pipeline is expanded and a pneumatic machine is introduced into it. Moving through communications, she breaks them, while extending behind heavier material.

Methods of pushing soil

Putting soil is also performed by a significant amount of variations. This is a technology of microconneling, the use of pneumatic prosecutors, aimed and shingle drilling, controlled and uncontrollable puncture.

Each of these methods is in demand and relevant depending on the place of communication of communications.

Case for pipes or method of uncontrollable puncture

In this method, the casing is crushed into the soil, while at the same time its selection is made. often for sampling, screws are used, less often. compressed air and erosion with water.

Unguided puncture is used for any type of soil, although difficulties may occur in the case of incoherent soils and in the presence of large stones, when the casing is squeezed out with soil or its promotion is blocked.

At the stage of preparation of work, the casing is exposed in the foundation pit on the puncture axis. Due to the possible obstacles, the trajectory of movement can be adjusted by the use of two pipes, one of which is selected more diameter than required, and the lap of the desired diameter is already laid inside it.

The outer pipe serves as a kind of case and protects the working pipeline, which is relevant in cases where laying is carried out under railway or tram tracks, as well as under high loads.

The difference in diameter is usually 150-250 mm, and the inter-tube distance is subject to stabbing-filling with cement-sand mortar. Thus, the pressure of the soil on the working pipe is reduced, the load on it from transport is reduced, and protection against other communications located nearby is ensured.

The length of the segments of casing pipes ranges from 3 to 12 meters; In the process of laying, they are consistently welded.

Differences in the controlled puncture

This method differs from the uncontrollable puncture with the additional use of deviations. steel plates fixed in the front of the casing pipe. They are raised using hydraulic cylinders, thereby adjusting the direction of the puncture.

Stages of the technological process

Horizontal screw drilling begins with the seizure of two pits. starting and final (working and receiving). A drill machine and additional equipment are installed in the working foundation pit, ultimately all the work performed is completed and a pipe is taken or a case for it.

At the first stage, a controlled pilot is carried out when the direction and length of the channel is set. Thus, a “shooting” is carried out with a thin drill, during which the possibility of an emergency is excluded, especially in urban conditions with an extensive network of pipelines and underground cables.

At the second stage, a low.sized drilled well is expanded by pushing the casing, fixed on the rods of expansion, to the desired diameter. Earth’s excavation is carried out by a mechanism, parts of which are typed on the working shaft of a horizontal rhymic drilling machine. The screws are located in a metal pipe laid in a well, and are located immediately behind a drilling head.

The third stage is the preparation of the work pipe and its pushing it after the casing. After laying the pipes to the resulting channel, the drilling installation and other equipment is extracted from the pit, parts of the communication are interconnected.

Drilling machines

According to PPR, drilling drilling can be carried out by several types of devices. The choice of the model will depend on the task and volume of work, so you will first have to make accurate calculations in order to get a car with the necessary technical characteristics. With insufficient power, it will not be possible to make the plan, and with excessive. you will have to bear extra costs.

The characteristics of TTK drill drilling, which is determined by the established method, is also important. In general, when conducting any type of work, you need to carefully monitor safety indicators, as they will allow you not to go beyond the scope of current legislation in their actions. Any violations will be punishable by serious sanctions up to the initiation of a criminal case.

Buroshneck drilling installations can operate in two modes:

Both types have high accuracy, since the operation takes place under the guidance of professional computer equipment and a highly intellectual drilling program. From a person you only need to set the appropriate parameters of work so that the machine can understand the duties assigned to it. The instructions for drill drilling are available on each installation, so it will not be difficult to deal with the essence of the operation. The main thing is to follow the manufacturer’s instructions so as not to spoil the car, since repair and replacement of parts will cost very expensive.

How to choose a suitable type of horizontal drilling for laying a pipe?

A specific method of laying pipes with horizontal drilling is selected by the design organization at the stage of project development and after. Also, the choice of horizontal drilling can be carried out at the construction stage, when developing a project for the work of work. Often, one type of laying of the pipe laid down by designers in the working project is replaced by another type of horizontal drilling directly at the construction site, based on specific circumstances or financial capabilities of the organization.

The choice of the method is made on the basis of the following data:

• The length of the pipe pipe.
• The diameter of the pipe.
• The material of the working pipeline or case (steel, cast iron, plastic, PVC, reinforced concrete, etc.D.)
• Pipe laying depth.
• The pressure or ignorant pipeline is taken into account.
• The presence of a place for the location of drilling equipment and equipment, the possibility of excavating the pits of the required size.
• Geological data, groundwater level.
• The location of existing communications is taken into account.

Types of horizontal drilling and used drilling rigs

Each type of horizontal drilling is good in a certain situation when laying engineering communications. Some of them are quite interchangeable, and an important role in choosing a method plays the economic effect achieved by laying pipes.

For example, if the project provides for a microneling method for laying a steel case of the water supply, and the construction organization has an installation of horizontally directed drilling (or jack installation and SPK), then, subject to certain conditions, the microtonnel will certainly be replaced by the GND or pushing the case.

So, let us consider in detail each of the methods of horizontal drilling.

Horizontally directed drilling

GNB method, or as they also call “inclined-fated drilling”. One of the most common methods for laying pressure pipelines and cable cases. This method can also be used to lay non.pressure (gravity) pipes, but there are features here, which you can familiarize yourself with in detail on the page. Testranchy sewage laying by the GNB method.

The drilling of the well is carried out from the surface of the earth, the diameter of the well should be 30-50% more than the diameter of the pipe. The well is formed by a phased expansion, using bentonite and polymers. The bentonite solution provides the removal of the bunning soil, the formation of a filtration crust, cools the drilling tool, supports the well to avoid collapse. A spent bentonite solution with soil is pumped out of the working pit by Ilosoami and disperses to the landfill. It should be noted that a well.formed well (without collapses, blockages, etc.D.). This is the key to success and trouble.free work.

The length of the pipe laid. from 25 to 1000 meters and above, depending on the traction and torque of the drilling ground. Pipes diameter from 63 to 1200mm. Pipe material. PND, steel, cast iron.

Horizontally directed drilling along a given trajectory is possible thanks to the location system. The drilling trajectory is limited by the angle of drilling (usually 26-34 percent) and the bending radius of the rods. The permissible percentage of bending per bar varies from 6 to 12 percent, depending on the type of rods.

The equipment and installations of the GND in the modern world are very diverse, the most common manufacturers include Vermeer, Dith with, Traacto-Technik, Robbins, American Augers, Herrenknecht, Prime Drilling. Recently, a lot of manufacturers from China and Korea appeared on the GND market.

Controlled puncture

The controlled puncture method is also a subspecies of horizontal drilling and is ideal in cases where a small diameter pipe (up to 315mm) is necessary in constrained conditions. This method laid polyethylene and steel pipes, cases for gas and water supply, sewage, telephone and power cables. This type of work is implemented both in large cities and in much smaller settlements, as well as when working under iron and roads.

The controlled puncture is made by the Ditch Witch P80 puncture. The complex of equipment consists of the installation itself, a hydraulic station, the main tools for drilling operations (this includes rods, extensors, drilling heads and much more), a wireless location.

The main part of the installation for a controlled puncture is a power hydraulic cylinder, the power of which is 36 tons. A two.cylinder four.stroke gasoline engine is driven by a hydraulic station.

The company GNB-Stroy uses the Eclipse location system. It consists of a probe located in a removable drilling head, and a locator that determines the location in plan and the depth of the drill head, the angle of slope in the vertical plane, as well as the level of the battery of the probe. The surface of the drilling head is molested at the tip. So when crushed, the drill column deviates to the side. Using the locator, the operator can observe how to turn the head in order to adjust the trajectory in the right direction. If you set the rods with rotation, then the drilling column will move straight.

After performing horizontal drilling, the drilling head goes into the receiving foundation pit, where it is replaced with a conical extensor. Then the pilot well expands to the required diameter with the reverse rods with soil compaction. At the same time or after preliminary expansion, a pipe or several pipes is pulled into a finished well.

The installation of a directional puncture works without the use of bentonite solution. The walls of the well are kept thanks to the compacted soil layer. Installation can be used not only in the summer, but also the winter period.

The main characteristics of the installation of a controlled puncture are its lightness and ease of transpartments, compactness, power, direction control and increased electrical safety. The installation of directional drilling is very convenient to operate when performing punctures under the roads:

Buroshneck drilling

Buroshneck drilling is a tactrand technology for laying pipes using a hydraulic jack installation, which is equipped with a rotating cutting tool launched from a working foundation pit with the removal of the developed soil with a screw mechanism. Drill screw installation allows the laying of steel cases, concrete and polyethylene pipes. Their diameter from 100 to 1720 mm per length up to 100 m, depending on the type of soil.

In order to implement the laying of communications, two foundation pits are needed: starting and receiving, the depth of which is lower than the depth of the pipe gasket by 0.5-1.0 meters. A powerful jack station is mounted in the starting foundation pit, on which a drilling mechanism with pipe pipe is placed.

At the first stage, the preparation of working and receiving pits is carried out. On the second. The descent and installation of a screw installation in the pit is made. On the third. The pipeline is laying, the exact direction of which is controlled by a laser. And finally, completion of work. The screw is excreted into the receiving foundation pit, and then pulled out in the reverse sequence. After that, the installation and screws are removed from the starting pit.

Horizontally directed drilling technology (GND)

Horizontal directed drilling is widely used in the construction of underground utilities, such as: laying communication cables and electric cables, laying of oil and gas pipelines, heat pipelines, as well as sewage and water supply systems.

The use of t.shots of tasseman is a number of advantages and allows you to perform work not only under natural landscape obstacles: rivers, lakes, forests, but also in densely populated urban areas, including under architectural monuments, in the presence of existing communications, under railway tracks, etc.D. If necessary, underground communications under this kind of obstacles, punctures are performed.

Construction site. Pipe stretching by the GND method.

A puncture under the road and a puncture under the railway tracks are performed according to the same technology as other punctures-by the method of horizontal-controlled drilling.

This type of work involves digging on both sides of the pits. starting and receiving, which greatly simplifies work on laying underground utilities. The road surface is not damaged and remains in the same form as before the start of work.

There is no need to disassemble the railway tracks and suspend the movement of trains and commodity trains.

To exclude the erosion of the shores and bottom deposits of water bodies, punctures should be performed without fail, since in such places the performance of work in a traditional way is impossible.

The puncture under the river, lakes and ravines is justified in such extreme conditions of work as, a high level of groundwater, the impossibility of excavation of soil, the presence of specific soil, hard rocks, etc.D.

Work is performed using a professional drilling tool with a special locator. On the locator’s screen, the specialist-operator sees all the movements of the drill underground and can quickly respond to all changes in the path of its passage and promptly inform the drilling plant driver about this.

In the event of obstacles to the drill: large stones, metal objects and other objects interfering with free passage of the drilling head, they easily go around, the operator is enough to change the angle of attack of the drill blade.

The location system also performs a number of useful functions without which normal drilling along the laid route would be impossible. Using the location system, the specialist-operator determines the location of the drilling head, the temperature of the probe, depth, angle of inclination, position of the drill blade, as well as other equally important parameters.

Drilling installation has compact dimensions, convenient in operation due to unpretentiousness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. The depth of drilling of the well is from 1 to 30 meters.

GND technology has four stages:

• preparatory stage,
• drilling of a pilot well,
• Expansion of the well, tightening the pipeline or case for the cable into the well,
• The final stage.

The technology of tassurous drilling and punctures of the GND is economically beneficial.

Expensive excavation is excluded, expenses for employees of working specialties are reduced, electricity costs are minimized, since the installations are completely autonomous.

When using the method of horizontally refined drilling, already laid communications, coatings of transport highways, ground objects under which punctures are carried out are not destroyed, water bodies, forests and railway tracks remain untouched.

You may also be interested in the following material: a description of the drilling technology by the GND method, more about the technology of the GND

Sincerely, the team of the company TD Leader Stroy LLC

Horizontal drilling: advantages and technology of execution

Horizontally directed drilling (GND) is a way of laying pipes, as well as cables without digging trenches, performed, as a rule, under roads and railways. To implement this method, a special technique is used, which can include drilling plants of directed drilling. With the help of such installations, work is carried out 90% underground.

The horizontal drilling method is a modern way of laying pipelines for various purposes

Purpose and main advantages of the GND method

The method of horizontally directed drilling today is considered very popular. First of all, this is due to the fact that the use of this method allows to reduce the financial costs of laying the pipeline by 2.5-3 times.

Consider the main tasks that are carried out through this method:

• laying of pipes that will perform the function of a protective case (casing) for various power cables;
• The technology of the GND allows you to carry out tactrand installation of pipelines that transport drinking water or drainage.

Important! A puncture under the railway or auto.laid is the only option for installing communication without digging a traditional trench.

GND puncture under the road or other engineering structure allows you to maintain a natural landscape, which is also an important advantage. Consider other advantages of the GND:

• In addition to financial expenses, labor costs are also reduced, since special equipment performs the main work;
• With the help of the PROGRAL GND, you can lay a pipeline or cable channel not only under the transport routes, but also under reservoirs.
• For such work, a large number of people are not required. As a rule, a fairly small brigade consisting of 3-5 people.

To perform such work, a lot of space is not required, and the surrounding landscape will not be spoiled

The drilling of horizontal wells can rightfully be considered a unique way, the technology of which excludes harm to the environment and reduces labor costs, as well as cash expenses.

Necessary equipment

The entire technique that is operated for drilling by the GND method is divided into several main varieties:

• a machine for horizontally directed drilling of the GND;
• location location;
• minor components (brackets, fixers, etc. D.).

Location for drilling horizontal wells is necessary for organizing control over the drill. This is very important, since the drill during operation is in the soil, that is, outside the visible zone. Such a system protects the drill against collision with various obstacles that can damage drilling equipment.

The geolocation system for monitoring the working process is equipped with a mini-zond, which is necessary to track geolocation indicators during drilling. Mini-zond is installed on the head of the drill and on the apparatus. Data transmitted by the probe is received by the operator who makes correction to the workflow.

It is worth noting that the equipment for the GND is quite expensive and belongs to professional technology. Installation of horizontal drilling (UGB) can have a different configuration, however, all such machines consist of the following structural elements:

Equipment for the GND is professional and has a high cost

The functional part of the UGNB consists of three main components:

All UGNBs are classified according to one main indicator. the boundary force of the broach. Other characteristics of these machines include:

• Channel cross section indicators that such a machine can perform;
• maximum channel length;
• concrete consumption (l/min);
• The use of the horizontal drilling method also takes into account the maximum possible radius of bending of drilling rods. This indicator is considered very important, as it affects the mobility of the drilling rig and its possibility of bypassing various obstacles.

The following devices are included in secondary equipment:

• fixer elements;
• adapters;
• expanders;
• pump equipment;
• generators functioning from electricity;
• Lighting devices.

The installation of horizontal drilling should be selected correctly, in accordance with all the factors listed above.

Preparatory work before the GNB

Horizontal drilling involves a puncture carried out by professional equipment. However, before starting drilling under the road, it is necessary to perform preparatory work.

Drilling horizontal method requires preparatory work

First of all, you need to prepare a flat area for the drilling installation. To do this, it is necessary to smooth the site, which should have an approximate size of 10×15 m. In addition, in some specific situations you can not do without preparing a bypass path for the drilling complex.

Important! The prepared site must be fenced with a warning tape. This is necessary in order to exclude the penetration of strangers into the territory. Such a tape is installed at an altitude of about 80 cm above the ground.

The platform for drilling equipment is prepared in the place where the well will be laid. After preparing the site, it is necessary to install drill equipment and place it in the right position for the puncture.

In addition, it is worth anchoring the supporting plate for equipment. This event is carried out through the screws. Next, it is necessary to adjust the angle of entrance of the drill into the ground.

The puncture by the method of horizontally directed drilling of the GND is carried out taking into account safety precautions, as well as all the necessary construction standards. During drilling, a special bentonite solution is used.

The device preparing this solution should be on the side of the installation of horizontally directed drilling. The distance between the UGNB and the installation for the preparation of bentonite should be at least 10 m.

Laying the pipeline

7.one. A whip of the pipe laid is joined by the extensor through the pipe capture through the swivel.

7.2. Next, the pipeline is executed, which enters the already previously created well. The puncture process is under the control of the GND operator. Upon completion of the extending process, the excess concrete is removed in both foundations, initial and final.

Dismantling and removal of equipment

eight.one. When the case is in the receiving foundation pit, the installation is disassembled. An extensor and pilot rods are extracted from the receiving foundation pit, and a drilling installation is from the starting.

eight.2. Between employees who are in the start and receiving foundation foundation, a reliable connection in both directions should be provided.

eight.3. After the completion of construction and installation works, all equipment is disassembled and exported from the construction sites. Then the planning is carried out, the pits are falling asleep.