How To Make A Hand Saw Blade
How to sharpen a hand saw
After the divorce, the saw must be sharpened. For this procedure, no special equipment is required; here you can do with an ordinary triangular file. The sharpening technique with this tool is as follows. The file is taken with one hand by the handle, the other by the tip of the tool and moved away from you, pressing the teeth smoothly and evenly, then in the opposite direction, without touching the teeth. Handsaw teeth need to be sharpened on both sides, from top to bottom.
After sharpening, burrs can form on the edges of the teeth, which will negatively affect the operation of the tool, chipping and dulling the teeth. They must be removed with a fine cut file.
During operation, the saw becomes dull, so sometimes the teeth are sharpened with an emery bar. Continuous sharpening evens out the setting so that the saw remains in working order, the setting of the teeth must be repeated periodically. However, it is not necessary to overhaul and sharpen the teeth too often.
Hand Saw Care
You need to be able not only to make a divorce and sharpen the saw, but its proper storage is equally important. When the saw is not in use for a long time, it must be kept in a dry and warm room, otherwise, if moisture gets on it, it may rust. Even if the tool is treated with special agents, this will not guarantee that it will not corrode.
A saw is often used for processing wood blanks, changing the length and shape. This tool is represented by a combination of a working part and a handle. In this case, the working part is represented by a metal plate with cutting elements, which are located in a certain sequence relative to each other. Only with proper and timely maintenance can you eliminate the possibility of product wear. An example is a set of teeth, which is performed from time to time to ensure smooth tool travel along the resulting cut.
Requirements for wiring a hacksaw
In order to properly carry out the wiring, you need to pay attention to the basic requirements. They are as follows:
Make your Own Backsaw
- The procedure is carried out when fixing the instrument.
- The required angle must be strictly observed, deviation from it causes a decrease in the quality of the resulting cut.
- At the time of work, attention is paid to ensure that the surface is free from defects.
It should be borne in mind that too large an indicator causes an increase in the cutting width, due to which the productivity indicator decreases. That is why a special device must be used to set the teeth.
Required sharpening tool
To perform such a seemingly simple operation, you will need a rather impressive list of tools. However, if one of them is not at hand, you can try to find a replacement. What you can’t do without is a workbench with a vice, since only with their help the saw can be rigidly fixed for work. The rest of the list looks like this:
- device “wiring”, which, if absent, can be replaced with high-quality pliers. In this case, you yourself will have to determine the approximate distance from the center for each tooth;
- a sharpening bar with sandpaper or a set of files and files;
- hammer;
- additional light source;
- in some cases, a vernier caliper and protractor may be needed to make accurate measurements.
A separate mention is the method of sharpening hand saws using an angle grinder. In this case, you will need the presence of the angle grinder itself, a workbench and a pair of clamps, since the blade will need to be fixed horizontally.
Requirements for wiring a hacksaw
In order to correctly carry out the wiring, you need to pay attention to the basic requirements. They are as follows:
- The procedure is carried out when fixing the instrument.
- The required angle must be strictly observed, deviation from it causes a decrease in the quality of the obtained cut.
- At the time of work, attention is paid to ensure that the surface is free from defects.
It should be borne in mind that too large an indicator causes an increase in the cutting width, due to which the productivity indicator decreases. That is why a special device must be used to set the teeth.
How to sharpen a hacksaw on wood and spread the teeth
Various types of hacksaws are used in everyday work on personal plots, summer cottages, as well as during repairs in which natural wood is used as the main material. The saw requires periodic maintenance. At a certain point, you need to sharpen a hacksaw on wood, since it began to perform its function worse than before. In order not to spoil the canvas and return the tool to its former performance, you need to follow a few simple tips.
How to properly spread the teeth of a hacksaw?
A fairly common question is how to separate the teeth of a hacksaw on wood. If they are misaligned in the same mowing line, the cut is narrow and the cutter gets stuck in one place. In this case, the metal quickly heats up, due to which it begins to expand. It is highly recommended to use special mechanisms to carry out the setting of the teeth. Recommendations for the work carried out are as follows:
- The saw is clamped in a vise for a secure fit. The possibility of damage to the working part can be eliminated by using plywood as a lining.
- All cutting elements are bent one by one at the recommended angle.
When considering how to make a divorce on a hacksaw, we note that several elements deflected at a greater angle can complicate cutting.
Leveling Height
After the setting has been made, the hacksaw must be checked for the same height of the teeth. Since the force could be applied unevenly to it, there is a chance of the appearance of teeth with less wear, which will protrude above the rest.
A simple method can be used to identify these teeth on a hacksaw. It will need thick paper or cardboard along the length of the cutting blade. The sheet must be laid on a flat surface, for example a table, well leveled, and then forcefully press the cutting part of the blade against it. Prongs that are knocked out of the general row will make deeper dents in the surface.
This makes them easy to spot and correct before sharpening. To remove excess height, various files are used. During this work, you should strive to preserve the shape of each hacksaw tooth as much as possible.
Saw Tooth Set
The hacksaw teeth are set apart before sharpening. The blade should be firmly clamped in a vise, the teeth should be free of resin and fine wood dust. Before setting the teeth, you need to calibrate the tool. This requires a set of probes and a metal ruler. The amount by which the teeth should be bent is set by the standard and averages 1/10 of the pitch or distance between the vertices. Having measured the pitch of the teeth, you need to select the appropriate set of probes or pads, the total thickness of which is equal to the divorce distance.
First, you should select an arbitrary tooth and bend it by a certain amount, by eye achieving the correct bend size. After that, a set of spacers is pressed against the plane of the canvas, the total thickness of which is equivalent to the amount of divorce. The metal ruler must be pressed with the edge against the linings and ensure that only a light touch is provided when passing the tooth tip.
Further, everything is simple: when the control tooth is bent to the required amount, a limiter for the inclination of the setting is installed along it, it should rest against the side of the saw blade. Sometimes it is necessary to displace the stopper in order to compensate for the reverse deformation of the teeth due to the elastic properties of the blade due to the stronger bending. Starting from the control tooth, all the rest are bent, alternately in opposite directions. To speed up the process, it is recommended to first bend only in one direction, and then in the other, in both cases bending the teeth through one. It remains to add that the divorce during operation shrinks 2-3 times slower than sharpening. To check if the hacksaw is well spread, it is necessary to measure the thickness of the toothed part in different places with a vernier caliper. it should be 20% more than the nominal thickness of the blade.
How to sharpen a hacksaw on wood and spread the teeth
Various types of hacksaws are used in everyday work on personal plots, summer cottages, as well as during repairs in which natural wood is used as the main material. The saw requires periodic maintenance. At a certain moment, you need to sharpen the hacksaw on wood, since it began to perform its function worse than before. In order not to spoil the canvas and return the tool to its former performance, you need to follow a few simple tips.
Tools and devices, preparation for work.
Hacksaw blades for wood are made of corrosion-resistant alloy steels with a hardness of 40-50 HRC units. Thanks to the use of such material, the tool retains its qualities, even if it has not been used for several decades. To return even an old rusty blade to work, it is enough just to properly sharpen and spread the teeth, and this will require some tools and equipment. Let’s make a reservation right away that modern hacksaws with a hardened toothed edge (where the tarnish colors are visible) do not sharpen and do not divorce, unless only after annealing the blade.
Reliable fastening of the hacksaw is ensured by a piece of board, at the end of which a cut is made parallel to the wide side. The saw should be done with the same hacksaw, which is processed, the depth is about 70–80 mm. The blade must be inserted into the cut with the butt downwards so that the teeth protrude from the cut to a height of at least 50 mm. The wooden miter box itself must be clamped in a vice, or fixed to any stationary object, immobilizing the canvas with a wide and thin wedge
Processing of metals of such hardness is possible manually and mechanically. In the first case, you can use files with a hardness of 60 or 65 HRC, or diamond files. When machining, an electric sharpener is used with a white electrocorundum stone on a vulcanite bond mounted on it. The optimal diameter of the circle is 120.160 mm, it is desirable that the thickness does not exceed 8 mm, otherwise it will be necessary to fill the end face to the dish-shaped profile. The grit size of abrasive particles should be P 120-140 or higher.
To set the teeth, you need a tool called a set. This is a thin plate on the handle with one or more transverse notches of different widths. The butt of the hacksaw should fit into one of the cuts so tightly that the tilt of the handle relative to the blade is at a right angle /. 2 °. To make the divorce even and symmetrical in both directions, an angular adjustable stop in the form of a metal arc is attached to the distribution.
Turning process step by step
With manual file sharpening, it is easier to control material removal and set the correct edge angles. The blade must be clamped in a miter box or a vice, ensuring the protrusion of the teeth above the jaws of the order of 30–35 mm. The routing is done before sharpening for three reasons:
- so that the cutting edges are not subsequently damaged;
- so that a slightly stronger spread is provided in advance, which is compensated by the removal of a certain fraction of the metal from the teeth;
- so that the directionality of the cutting edges and the setting of the teeth are uniform.
The most important rule for sharpening hacksaws for wood is: the tooth must have a flat side on the side into which it was bred. Thus, the cutting edges of adjacent set teeth are directed towards each other, that is, inside the channel formed by the set.
After clamping the blade, it is necessary to clarify the angle of sharpening of the cutting edges. Ideally, it should be determined by the hardness of the wood being processed, but since the hacksaw is used for sawing various species, a universal value of 60–75 ° from the plane of the tooth is set for all types of profile. There is a certain difficulty in determining the sharpening angle relative to the plane of the blade for confident control of the position of the tool. This can be done using a flat metal plate, choosing the least worn tooth as the standard, usually this can be found closer to the handle.
Making Panel Saws
When sharpening, you need to process those teeth that are located with the edges towards you. Maintaining the correct angle between the edge of the file and the blade, and also slightly tilting the file towards the edges, you need to remove 2-3 material from the cutting edges, applying pressure when moving away from you. After each pass, you need to make sure that the metal is removed over the entire surface of the face, if necessary, adjust the position of the file. In order for the sharpening to be uniform, the number of file movements on each tooth must be the same. A good sharpening result is a uniform brightening of the blade descent over the entire area.
Sharpening the blade on an abrasive wheel is more difficult to perform due to the fact that the blade does not have a stop. However, with proper dexterity, it is possible to achieve accurate metal removal from both sides of each tooth. As with manual sharpening, the movement of the cutting tool should be directed towards the flat part of the tooth, so the entire blade is turned twice with an overturn.
Saw setter
The spreading of the cutting edge in different directions eliminates the possibility of blade jamming at the time of work. An example is the case when, when cutting a thick log, the canvas cannot be moved and removed. Also, the saw can jam due to the heating of the metal and its expansion, the hot part can heat up the resin and turn it into a kind of glue.
Use a hacksaw setter to avoid such problems. Do not forget that mistakes made during work can lead to even greater problems. The procedure under consideration can be carried out using the following tools:
- There are special mechanisms. They allow you to manually shift individual elements relative to each other. It should be borne in mind that a similar design option is made for certain products.
- Most often, mechanical wiring is used. They allow you to change the angle of position, as well as their width. This tool is characterized by higher efficiency in application.
- The handy version is not intended for working with a hacksaw on wood, but can be used for this. An example is pliers and other improvised tools found in almost every workshop.
If cutting is carried out often, then experts recommend purchasing a special device that allows you to quickly set the required angle.
How to determine when it is time to sharpen a hacksaw
In order not to shorten the service life of the hacksaw blade, it is necessary to sharpen it only when it can no longer perform a high-quality cut, or it requires more effort while working with it. The main signs of a blunt saw are the following:
- the tips of the teeth are rounded, their shape is distorted;
- the sound of the saw has changed: there is a feeling that the wood is not cut, but is torn along the fibers;
- the cutting speed has decreased compared to a new hacksaw;
- nicks and scuffs began to appear on the cut;
- hacksaw periodically wedges even with an even cut.
If at least one of these symptoms appears, then the hand saw needs service. This includes both direct sharpening of the teeth and their correct setting.
Saw blade tool
Hand saw setting methods
It is best to do this on special equipment. an adjustable machine. On it, using an indicator, you can determine the correct deviation of the tooth, so the work can be done in a matter of minutes.
If the machine is difficult to find, you can manually spread the hacksaw. However, it will take a lot of time and effort to complete the procedure, and besides, you cannot do without a special tool. wiring, which you can make on your own. It is a metal plate with a sawn groove 1.5 mm wide and 5 mm high. The saw is clamped in a vice and with this groove the tooth of the tool is grasped and retracted in the desired direction.
This must be done in a specific order. First, the teeth are deflected through one in one direction, then the rest in the other. In this case, there should be no distortions, and the teeth should be unbent symmetrically. Not the entire tooth is bent, but only its tip (that is, its third part), otherwise it may break. The width of the setting should be equal to twice the thickness of the blade, if the teeth are spread too wide, then the hacksaw will go tight, and too much wood will go into the sawdust. In addition, if the setting is incorrect, the tool will “wedge” and an even cut will not work.
You can also spread the saw with a screwdriver or chisel. The tool is placed between the teeth and turned, the saw should also be clamped in a vice before this.