How to cut a groove in wood

How to cut square holes

Let’s start with an easy one: learn how to cut a square hole, like a window. The simplest and most obvious way is to lay a grid for future windows even at the stage of building walls in 3ds max. That is, creating a box, we prescribe to it the number of segments in length, width and height.

Dremel Spiral Cutting Attachment Making A Groove With Router Bit

Thus, we only need to transfer the object to Editable Poly, edit the position of the mesh and extrude the windows outward by the thickness of the walls with the Extrude command. Unnecessary polygons inside can be deleted immediately.

For those who do not remember how to close the hole: go to the Border level, select the edge of the hole and press Cap.

How to Cut a Groove with a Table Saw

The method really quickly helps to cut holes in the wall of the building, but it has drawbacks. Firstly, it does not work if the walls are not built from a box, but for example by the method of spline modeling from a drawing. Secondly, the 3d object is littered with unnecessary edges, for example, on the ceiling. Of course, they can be deleted, but who needs extra work?

Using Boolean Boolean Operations

We have already discussed this method of cutting a hole in an object in great detail in this lesson. The method is really good for its simplicity, but the mesh after manipulating the boolean can turn out to be “curved”. Sometimes problems with the mesh can be solved by using ProBoolean.

How to cut holes in 3ds max objects competently

Cutting irregular holes

With Loop Regularizer

Another way is to use the free Loop Regularizer script, which can be downloaded from the link. Download it, then drag the saved file into the open 3d max window.

I will tell you how to use the script using an example. Create a rectangle, give it two segments in height and width. We translate it to Editable Poly. Go to the Edge editing level and double-click all the ages dividing the rectangle in half in the vertical plane.

Press the Chamfer button, set the number of segments (the more, the more rounded the hole will be), set the distance.

Now we will do the same for horizontal edges.

Go to the Polygon level and select all the polygons in the center on both sides of the rectangle.

Right-click on the screen and select the Regularize line that appears after installing the script.

The square has been transformed into a circle. As I said, it would be smoother if we set more Chamfer segments.

Now press the Bridge button and get a through hole.

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How to cut round holes

How the router is installed?

We take the outer size of the ring arbitrarily. The main thing is that it does not go beyond the sidewalls of the pendulum. You can fix it as you like, for example, with metal corners. A number of holes are also drilled in the sidewall, with a pitch of 10 mm.

The upper pendulum strut is optional, but gives additional rigidity to the structure.

SLOTS CAN BE MADE ANYWHERE

With a groove connection, the end of one part enters a shallow groove cut across the fibers of the other. This joint is an improvement over the simple butt joint. The groove shoulders provide decent strength. In fact, such a connection cannot be broken, for example, by pressing on a shelf. If it fits tightly, then it can withstand oblique loading well when the force is directed diagonally across the body. The installation of rear panels in cupboards or dressers and bases in drawers additionally strengthens the entire structure. Finally, the groove facilitates assembly by defining the position of the parts and keeping them from slipping.

With just two types of groove joints, almost any body part can be made. The main joint, where the full thickness of the adjacent part fits into the groove, allows the assembly of bookcases, toy chests, hanging shelves or any other enclosures in which the side walls extend beyond the adjacent parts (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Main groove connection.
Fig. 2. Modified groove / tenon connection.

If these “flow” corners are not suitable or are unsightly, use a modified joint (Fig. 2) called a groove / tenon.

Drawers are also boxes. They are easy to make using a basic groove connection and a groove / tenon connection (fig. 3). Example 3A is the strongest of them; in examples 3V and 3C, the front wall can be weakened. If you want to hide the ends of the side walls of the drawer shown at 3A, cover them with a fake front wall or use a quarter connection, as shown at 30, reinforced with nails or dowels.

Fig. 3. Slots in drawers.

MILLING SLOT / SPIKE JOINT

For large and wide body parts or long and narrow parts, slot milling is relatively simple and safe. Select a cutter with the correct diameter, attach a ruler to the base of the router and make passes with it by moving the ruler along the end of the part
(fig. 8). Many milling cutters are sold with a ruler, but to improve the quality of work, it must be pressed to the base with a clamp or screws.

The most accurate way to mill the tenon is to clearly define its thickness between the ruler and the cutter (Fig. 9). To support the router base, use a clamp to press the thick board flush with the end of the work piece.

A few tips for working with a pendulum.

Be sure to use straight slot cutters. For example, the Enkor cutter, article 10504. It is this cutter that provides a smooth surface. The most important parameter is the total length of the cutter. The working length is no more than 10 mm. Slightly better on the passability of the cutter Enkor expert, article 28026. It is advisable to take cutters of a larger diameter, they provide greater removal and speed of work. However, long cutters with a diameter of more than 16 mm are unlikely to be found.

CUTTING OUT THE SLOT / SPIKE CONNECTION ON THE CIRCULAR

Since this is a very simple connection, it is easier and faster to combine layout and installation. Check the settings on the cut boards (fig. 6 and 7).

It is easier to fit the cleat to the groove, so make the groove first. Set the depth of the cut by measuring or by eye, pressing the disc against the part in which the groove will be. Then set the ruler to cut the inner shoulder of the groove (Fig. 6, step 2), make a saw in all the parts with the grooves, rearrange the ruler and cut out the second shoulders.

Narrow workpieces such as bookcase sides can be sawed off with a dividing head, keeping the end of the workpiece in contact with the ruler during operation. Also, in front of the disc, you can attach a limiter to the ruler so that the end of the part rests against it.

The most accurate way to choose a groove on the circular is to put the workpiece on the table and, pressing it against the ruler, cut out the shoulder. Then put the part on the end and cut out the thickness of the spike. This method allows you to accurately control the thickness of the tenon, but it is inconvenient for long parts or those that are sawn across. Spikes on these parts are best done with several horizontal cuts. After sawing out the shoulder, press the part against the ruler and use the dividing head to cut out excess wood in several passes. Unlike the first method, here the thickness of the spike depends on the thickness of the workpiece.

Regardless of how carefully the tenons are made, there is usually some variation in their size, especially when sawing in solid wood. Here the advice is to cut the spikes a little thicker, and then trim them with a shoulder plane when fitting. The shoulder planer blade extends across its entire narrow sole so you can cut right into the corner of the cleat shoulder.

How the router is installed?

We take the outer size of the ring arbitrarily. The main thing is that it does not go beyond the sidewalls of the pendulum. You can fix it as you like, for example, with metal corners. A number of holes are also drilled in the sidewall, with a pitch of 10 mm.

The upper pendulum strut is optional, but gives additional rigidity to the structure.

How to make a groove in a tree

In one of the articles on the site, the author’s video was shown by a blogger with the nickname HeARTwood, (his name is Mikhail) of an interesting device for working on wood, or rather, for making oval recesses for bowls and other products. Its useful model is described in more detail in this article. So, below is a detailed description of the milling pendulum, its design and dimensions, drawing and other features.

Based on the drawing, you can make this device.

Wood carving for beginners

• Views
• Which tree to choose?
• Required tools
• Workplace requirements
• Step-by-step schemes for beginners
• Common mistakes

Each person has certain talents, some are acquired, others are given by nature. In their striving for beauty, people are constantly trying to make not only something new, unusual, functional, but also beautiful, aesthetic and beautiful. Woodworking is one of the oldest crafts that remains popular and relevant today. Those who wish to learn woodcarving must master a lot of wisdom, understand the technique and gain experience, but this requires certain knowledge.

Wood carving originated in Russia, when, in addition to creating wooden pieces of furniture and utensils, craftsmen tried their hand at arts and crafts.

In view of the variety of variations in the execution of wood processing, it is worth highlighting the varieties of this skill. These include:

• through thread;
• deaf;
• brownie;
• sculptural;
• chainsaw thread.

In addition to this classification, there is also a division of woodwork into relief and volumetric sculptural carving. The simplest technique is considered to create a relief, which is subdivided into the following types of carving:

• geometric;
• flat-relief;
• openwork;
• deaf with the chosen background;
• slotted contour;
• waybill.

Each technique has its own characteristics, therefore it is necessary to study each type in order to fully master the skill of working with wood.

Sculptural

The most complex technique of woodwork is sculptural carving, which differs from other types in that a chock, a branch, a piece of rhizome, which is given the desired shape, is taken for work. In addition to skill, the most important factor is the selection of the working material. Thanks to this technology, figures of animals and people can be obtained from wood.

For work, a sharp tool is used, thanks to which a piece of wood immediately acquires the shape, then the desired outlines and gradually becomes the object that the master conceived.

On the blank, you need to outline a sketch with a pencil and try to stick to it so that the product is symmetrical and beautiful.

Workplace requirements

Wood carving should be done in a prepared location on a sturdy and stable workbench. Novice craftsmen can use the countertop, the main thing is that its height does not exceed the belt line. The main requirement for the working surface is cleanliness and smoothness, in case of irregularities, they must be removed immediately. The board on which the carving is made must be securely fixed with clamps.

Under no circumstances should you sit on a stool, wobbly chair or work on your knees.

For a beautiful and high-quality work on the working area, it is necessary to install good lighting in the form of 2-3 lamps or bright lamps. The placement of the light will be important, it should be exposed at different angles, above the eye level of the carver. In a well-lit and properly prepared workplace, even a beginner will be able to master more skills and learn the basics faster.

Which tree to choose?

When planning to try your hand at wood carving, it is important to understand that in addition to talent, you must have a set of tools with you, as well as use the right wood. Even experienced craftsmen will not be able to get high-quality results if they take a tree for work that is difficult to process.

Certain types of wood are considered the most suitable for carving.

• Linden is the most suitable option for the first steps in working with wood. This material has the greatest softness, which allows you to learn both simple and complex techniques in optimal conditions.
• Alder. both red and black varieties of this tree are suitable for carving. This wood is more dense than linden, but it also lends itself well to processing, it is very convenient to cut it, and the patterns will be clear and beautiful. The main disadvantage can be considered that this type of wood belongs to rare.
• Birch is an even denser and more resilient version of wood, but suitable for grasping the basics of wood carving. Unlike alder, which does not change its shape after drying, birch can deform, therefore, small objects are usually created from it.
• Oak is a noble material for woodworking by experienced craftsmen; it will be difficult for beginners to cope with oak linen. Working on an oak requires a sharp tool and an experienced hand of a master who will cope with the task.
• Pear is a fruit tree with good density and a uniform structure. Thanks to the peculiarities of pear wood, you can create the most delicate and graceful works.

Each craftsman should know well the features of all types of wood and choose the most optimal options for work.

Contour

Contour carving is considered one of the simplest techniques, since the patterns are applied on a flat prepared surface, slightly going deep into the material, which allows you to form the contour of the future pattern.

This type of work refers to geometric carving and is subdivided, in addition to contouring, into triangular-notched and stapled techniques.

Learn How To Cut Grooves In The Middle Of Wood

To start work, you need to come up with or choose the pattern you like and apply it to the tree, which should be as smooth as possible.

Do not use sandpaper or other abrasive products on workpieces, as small particles will interfere with a neat thread and cause the cutting tool to become dull.

The optimal cutting depth is considered to be 1.5-2 mm and the tool tilt angle is 40 °. Having made one line, you can start the next, but tilt the cutting tool in the opposite direction to make a geometric depression. If the movements were done correctly, the edges of the lines will be even and the surface will be shiny.

Flat mousy

Another technique that allows you to create a drawing on a tree is called flat-shaped. The essence of this method is that you need to create grooves on a flat surface, thanks to which the desired result will be formed.

This type of activity can have varieties, these are:

• through thread, which can be applied or through; slotted. work is done with a chisel or chisel; profile. you need a jigsaw or a saw to work; openwork. the carving is performed in the form of a relief ornament;
• blind thread, when during operation there are no through holes on the surface;
• house carving, used to decorate the facades of houses.

Each type of woodwork has its own characteristics, the inventory that is needed in the process, as well as the technique, thanks to which you can master basic and more complex techniques.

Geometric

A more complex technique of carving after contouring is considered to be geometric, it differs in that the pattern is created not with the help of lines, but thanks to the creation of geometric shapes. Most often, novice carvers use wedge-shaped notches in wood.

Carrying out geometric carving, it is necessary to select the optimal working material and prepare it, and then apply the desired pattern.

When drawing a sketch, a pencil, ruler and compasses are used so that all lines are even and correct. If you can’t create a drawing on your own, you can use a ready-made sketch by printing it and using an awl to puncture the intersection of the lines.

Geometric carving sketches often consist of triangles, which must have a notch, because the wood is cut at different angles, and the excess wood is removed. Once all the triangles have been processed, you can move on to carving other elements. After the main work, it is necessary to clean up the problem areas for which a sharper tool is used. The finished pattern is sanded and stained.