How to drain the oil from the tiller. Engine oil for a motorblock engine

How much oil to fill in the engine of motorblade Zubr

As a rule, the manufacturer specifies in the instructions to the motor equipment, what brand of engine oil and its volume is better to use. If there are no such recommendations, the means chosen by the following characteristics:

The SAE parameter indicates the viscosity grade of the substance and is composed of an alphanumeric abbreviation, where the letter “W” indicates the possibility of use at low temperatures. The number in front indicates the viscosity at negative thermometers, and the number after the dash indicates the viscosity at positive thermometers. These indicators characterize how easily the fluid will be pumped through the system, and how quickly it will reach the surfaces of rubbing parts without allowing them to dry friction.

The API parameter divides the lubricant into C and S categories according to its performance. C category includes products intended for four-stroke diesel engines with air cooling, and S category. for gasoline engines. So when choosing a lubricant you should pay attention to this marking, as for diesel and carburetor engines it has different composition.

ACEA grades an oil according to HT (High Temperature Viscosity)/HS (Shear Rate), which shows how energy efficient a lubricant is. The higher the value, the better it protects the nodes of the engine from wear. High mPas content is recommended for tractors, mini tractors, as well as Neva heavy-duty engine blocks designed for heavy loads.

Below you will find the types of machine grease, which by their characteristics are the most optimal for a cultivator or power tiller. Of course, you can use them if there are no special recommendations from the manufacturer of the equipment, and in accordance with the grades S and C. So, these are oils:

• 5w30, 5w40. all-season, which you can pour into the motorcycle equipment at ambient temperatures no lower than.25 o C;
• 10w30, 10w40. having anti-corrosion properties;
• 15w40, 20w40. designed to be poured into the engine at a temperature of 45o C and above;
• 0w30, 0w40. created for winter application;
• MIL-L greases are designed for military machines and can be applied to power tillers with diesel engines (with the code number 2104) and carburetor engines (with the code number 46152) of the following types.

Grease with double marking (SG/CD, SF/CC) can be used in all motors: it is universal and equally suitable for both diesel and petrol engines (e.g. Texas rotary cultivator). Among the variety of lubricant products, the most popular is the product produced under the brands Mobil, Castrol, ZIC, Shell Helix. For better action and quality additives are added. Oil Additiv, BIZOL, Cera Tec and others. They can be used at ambient temperatures of up to.10°C.25 oC to 25 oC.

The device

A gearbox is a special device that is part of the construction of any power tiller. It is this part that is responsible for converting and transmitting the torque that is generated from the mechanical gears. In fact, a gearbox is what powers a single-axle tractor, making it work.

On its quality, as well as on the correct lubrication of its components, will depend on the service life of the entire motoblock, as well as its normal functioning.

For more information on the gearbox see

Depending on the model motobloka, whether Caiman, Patriot Ural, Patriot, Texas, Pro Arab or any other, gearboxes may differ from each other in some design features. Conventionally, reducers can be divided into several types:

• Gearboxes. In this case, the gearbox transmission acts as a kind of intermediary between the engine and the wheel base of the motoblock.
• Reducing reducers. These units achieve higher power ratings by reducing the total number of revolutions. Such reducers are the most preferred, because their design includes an air cooling system, which allows to work at maximum loads.
• Reverse gearboxes. The main advantage of such gearboxes is the ability to reverse the motoblock. However, units equipped with this type of gearbox do not show high performance and speeds.

Regardless of what type of reducer is used in the design of a motor block, they all consist of practically the same components:

• shaft;
• gearbox housing;
• flange and its attachment;
• V-belt pulley (or chain pulley);
• ball bearing;
• sprockets;
• drain plug;
• Steel washer and nut;
• input shaft.

These components traditionally form the gear unit itself. How well they are lubricated will determine their performance and service life.

Otherwise, with insufficient lubrication, the parts will wear heavily, because they come into contact with each other during operation, and the friction generated adversely affects their surface.

Oil Selection

Fill the oil exactly what is specified in the instruction manual. If you purchased a diesel single axle tractor, you should fill up with diesel fuel, winter or summer according to the season. If the single axle tractor is a gasoline tractor and the manual does not recommend oil, you can use SAE 30. When working on a power tiller in winter, you should give preference to winter synthetic oil 0w40. When buying, be wary of counterfeit products and give preference to name-brand stores.

The oil you use affects the efficiency and quality of your power tiller, and how long it can last depends on the correct oil change. You can buy motoblocks here!

How to fill up the oil in the gearbox. Auto Workshop Online

In addition to the fact that the oil in the gearbox must be poured periodically, the driver should know that there are several in the car, they refer to different systems, so for some gears used semi-liquid greases, for others. plastic with modifying additives and special additives.

How many gears are in a car?

When worm and gear gears rotate inside the crankcase, the main problems are:

To solve these problems, the oil in the gearbox is filled to the level where the wheel rims are submerged in it. However, in today’s cars there are several gearboxes with different names, serving for different tasks, so it is necessary to define the terminology, to clarify the modes of operation for filling or stuffing the correct lubricant inside the body.

Terminology

In the mechanics course of any educational institution, by a gearbox is meant any mechanism both changing the value/direction of torque and simply transmitting it further without any change. A gearbox can have several gears, that is, pairs of gears on the same or different shafts.

Gearbox in the crankcase with gearing

Drivers often call a gearbox a mechanism which changes the speed of a shaft. Thus, multiplier increases revolution, and demultiplier, on the contrary, decreases angular speed, but increases force.

Thus, the varieties of geared mechanism in an auto are:

• Gearbox. manual transmission, automatic transmission, variator or robotized modification;
• Steering mechanism. a gearbox or rack that changes the rotation of the “steering wheel” into the forward movement of the wheels sideways;
• Power steering. hydraulic CPS or electronic CPS;
• axle mechanisms. rear and/or front;
• A four-wheel drive device. a transfer gearbox;
• A differential is a unit that distributes torque in unequal proportions to the wheels when turning;
• CVTs are joints, which align angular velocity of drive wheels.

Some SUVs and trucks have winch gearboxes. A differential is a planetary gear that divides the power of rotation between two sources (shafts), each of which can receive any amount of it at any given time, independent of the neighboring.

Which systems include?

Many drivers refer to the gearbox as a transmission, which is not quite right. In mechanics, transmission means systems consisting of gears, individual parts, mechanisms and assemblies that transmit rotation from the shaft of the internal combustion engine (crankshaft) to the wheels.

In other words, the gearbox is a part of the transmission, along with the CVTs, universal joint shafts, differential, main gear, PTO, transfer case, gearbox and the clutch.

Lubricant Classification

Before you change the oil in the gearbox, you need to know the principle of lubrication. Gears are usually placed inside a housing called a crankcase to increase the life of the fuel and lubrication efficiency, so the lubricants for them are called crankcase lubricants.

Crankcase lubrication is used for angular velocities of gear surfaces in the range of 0.3. 12.5 m/s. At lower speeds, oil runs off the gear and does not reach the contact surface.

At high rpm it is ejected by centrifugal force or foams up, increasing the pressure inside the crankcase.

The general principle for selecting a particular lubricant for a gearbox is to match the viscosity to the circumferential speed of the worm or gear and the contact stress of the friction pair. Factors are also taken into consideration:

• product compatibility. if you pour in a new batch of grease without flushing the crankcase, the remainder should mix with it without adverse effects;
• Material compatibility of the mechanism. for example, Lithol which contains alkali is not recommended for non-ferrous metals/alloys as ferrous metals are inert.

There are a total of 4 types of grease in terms of composition:

• soap. alkaline, usually based on sodium, aluminum, barium, lithium and calcium anions;
• organic. based on carbon black dispersion, polyurea, pigments or polymers;
• Hydrocarbon. synthetic and natural waxes, ozokerite, paraffin, ceresine, petrolatum serve as thickeners
• mixed. soap mixtures only, e.g., sodium/calcium, lithium/calcium.

The consistency of the products can be solid, plastic or semi-liquid, and the dispersion medium is synthetic or petroleum oil. The scope of application is regulated by GOST 23258, for gearboxes only antifriction grease, which has its own classification of greases:

• general purpose. Solidol and Solidol Zh, Graphitin and Graphite Zh;
• High-temperature general-purpose ones. Litin-2, Constalin and modification 1-13;
• Multi-purpose. Lithol 24 (24RK and 24M), Fiol (1, 2, 2M), BNZ-3, Hermetin;
• Heat-resistant. P-402, Tsiatim, Rezbol-B, VNIINP (207. 246), Uniol-2M, Graphitol, Silikol, Aerol, BNZ-4, Polimol, PFMS-4S;
• Freeze. Zimol, Lita, GOI-54, Tsiatim-203;
• Chemically resistant. VIINP 279, Tsiatim-205, Cryogel
• Gear semi-liquid. OZP-1, STP-L, Tsiatim-208, Reductol, Transol, LZ-PZhL-00, SKP-M.

Specialized lubricants include electrical modifications, industrial products and lapping pastes, marine, railway and aviation oils.

There is a category of automotive greases, which includes LZ-31, 58 (universal joints, needle bearings), LZ-62 (anti-friction bearings), Fiol-2U (universal joint crosses) and ShRUS-4.

Transmission oil is created for gearboxes included in the transmission:

• disperse medium. refined petroleum oil;
• extreme pressure additives. molybdenum disulfide, sulfur, chlorine and phosphorus;
• viscosity for crankcase 6. 20 mm2/sec, open gears 50. 500 mm2/sec.

For gears with a worm saddle surface, hypoid oils are used, which react chemically with the tooth material.

Lubrication of machine gears

The above information from the reference books and GOST standards is a general guide, which oil to fill in the gearbox of the above mechanisms. In Soviet times there was a marking:

• A. automobile oil;
• C. made of sulfurous oil;
• E. long oil;
• Т. gear oil;
• and. imported additives;
• k. only for KamAZ trucks;
• n. domestic additives.

Oil change order

To change the oil, proceed as follows

• Start and warm up the engine.
• Place single-axle tractor flat on stands or surface raised above the ground.
• Place an empty waste oil container underneath the oil drain plug and open the oil cap.
• After the oil is completely drained close the drain hole tightly.
• Pour fresh grease into the top hole, checking the level with a dipstick. How much oil to put in the gearbox of your MotoBlock depends on the amount of oil. A dry reducer normally requires about 2 liters. The exact figure can be found in the operating instructions.
• Wipe down both bores to remove any grease residue.

When to change the oil:

• If the gearbox has been repaired;
• If the oil level is extremely low;
• If a new type of grease is used;
• If the change is due in accordance with the operating instructions.

This is a simple enough operation for which you do not need to go to the service. High-quality gear lubricant is not cheap, but you can save money on labor to replace it.

If the oil level is extremely low, the oil change intervals are precisely defined in the manual. On most models of power tillers, this operation should be done after the first 25 hours of work (with new machines or after replacement of the gearbox) and then every 250 hours of work, that is, on average, once a month for daily work or once a season for occasional use. To work on changing the lubricant immediately after operation, measure the level. before it begins.

Oil for a diesel motoblock. peculiarities of choice

When choosing engine oil for a diesel engine block, it is important to follow the recommendations in the operator’s manual. However, if the instructions for use was lost, then you will have to study the compositions available on the market more carefully.

Engine oils for diesel engines are classified into the following categories. A special marking on the grease container will help you determine the type and correspondence of the composition for a specific power tiller:

• API CJ-4. compositions with this marking are designed specifically for power tillers, power from 10 liters. с. and more. The composition of these lubricants has an increased viscosity, which guarantees the proper operation of all elements of the motor unit;
• API CI-4. these oils should be used for engines with multiple injection and supercharger types. Such oils have good dispersion characteristics and high thermal oxidation resistance;
• API CH-4. lubricants with this marking fully meet all modern requirements and quality standards. Among the advantages of these compositions it is worth to mark out the possibility to fill in diesel engines, working on fuel with sulphur percentage, exceeding 0,5 %;
• API CA. compositions of this type are optimal when diesel fuel contains small amount of sulfur. Oils with this marking protect the engine of a power tiller against formation of harmful deposits on its walls;
• API CB. the use of oils of this oil allows to reduce the risk of corrosion of power train bearings;
• API CC. these oils will become the best option for an engine that is equipped with turbocharger, but does not have a supercharger. These compounds help your power tillers to withstand long loads and work properly in hard conditions;
• API CF-2 oils in this group are good for power tillers that undergo heavy loads.

After purchasing the proper engine oil, you can move on to pouring it into the motoblock motor. The procedure is quite simple:

• First, place the machine in a horizontal position;
• Put a wide container under the drain hole in the engine and remove the plug by gently prying it with a screwdriver;
• Wait until the old oil has drained from the motor and screw the plug back into the hole;
• Pour at least 2 liters of new lubricant into the engine.

Remember to change the oil in new motor blocks three times at intervals of 5 hours of moderate use. After that, the engine only needs to be replaced once per 25 hours of operation.

Engine

Engines for single axle tractor Oka vary depending on its modification. Anybody can change an existing engine for one better suited to the task at hand. Installation of a compatible device allows you to choose the desired engine power. Another reason to replace the engine is an alternative repair, troubleshooting, malfunctions. Common examples of engines installed on the Oka unit include:

• domestic DM-1M and DM-1M1;
• MITSUBISHI GT600 6/4,4;
• Honda GX-200 6,5/4,8;
• Lifan 168 F-2A 6,5/4,8;
• Robin Subaru EX 17 6/4,4 or EX21 7/5,2.

There are other brands in different price categories and different levels of quality, but the listed have gained special recognition among Russian users.

One of the engines with which the single-axle tractor comes. Lifan

Lifan

In many farms and cottages you can find a single-axle tractor Oka with an engine Lifan. The popularity of this modification is due to the economy of the engine and good compatibility with small-sized equipment.

Diesel tillage oil

A single-axle tractor, like any piece of machinery, requires careful operation and periodic maintenance. Oil is the key factor that ensures the full performance of the engine. But it is necessary to get acquainted with oils, their types, peculiarities of change and possible problems.

What oil is better to pour into the diesel engine of a motoblock?

Naturally, the most correct recommendation is the one that is specified in the instruction manual. The document should be read carefully and the points described should be followed.

But if the necessary information has not been obtained, it is necessary to understand the types presented on the market today.

According to the classification of the American Petroleum Institute, diesel engine oils are divided into such classes according to performance categories as:

• API CJ-4. It was designed specifically for powerful devices 10-12 liters. с., which are constantly subjected to serious stress. The oil is fully compliant with current standards for NOx and particulate matter emissions from 2007 engines. It is worth to note that for CJ-4 oils there are limits for certain indicators: ash content is less than 1,0 %, sulfur 0,4 %, phosphorus 0,12 %;
• API CI-4. Suitable for the most diverse types of supercharged and injected engines. It is highly resistant to thermal oxidation and known for its high desuperheating properties;
• API CH-4. This oil is suitable for four-stroke diesel engines. It is fully compliant with the most stringent requirements of American and European manufacturers. The oil is less sensitive to the fuel containing more than 0.5% of sulfur, which is its significant advantage;
• API CF-2. This type is ideal for tractor tractors with two-stroke engines that are exposed to harsh conditions. Oil contains additives that protect internal engine parts from excessive wear;
• API CA. Suitable for power tillers running on low-sulphur diesel fuel (low and medium voltage, not suitable for high mechanical stress). Protects against formation of harmful deposits;
• API CB. Ideal for engines running on high sulfur fuels. Significantly reduces the potential for bearing corrosion;
• API CC. The oil is suitable for turbocharged engines, but without superchargers. withstands high stresses and is a reliable component protector.

If you classify these substances by viscosity (SAE), you can display all the features on a special chart and briefly add the following information

• The letter “W” designates the types of oil that can be used in harsh winter conditions (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W)
• Absence of lettering is accompanied by high viscosity types that are ideal for summertime (SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, 60);
• All-season are the most common and universal, so they are denoted by a double combination (5W-30, 10W-40, etc.). п.).

Often oils for winter and summer marked with different numerical values, in winter with less (higher viscosity), and in summer with more. Oil for air-cooled and non air-cooled diesel engine tractors should be chosen according to viscosity, because if you choose oil incorrectly, it will burn and stay on the cylinder.

Oil change: how to do it right

First you should check the oil level by unscrewing the oil filler plug of the engine crankcase. Important: Between the maximum and minimum marks on the dipstick should be an oil trail, and if not, wet it down to the middle.

The replacement procedure is quite simple:

• First, you should position the single-axle tractor in a horizontal position;
• Then you need to remove the plug on the drain tank (you can use a screwdriver);
• The next step is to patiently drain all the contents of the tank into a container of at least 2 liters (the process takes 15-20 minutes).

Important fact: in newly purchased power tillers, on engines with and without air cooling, it is necessary to change oil after the first 5 hours of work, further this procedure should be carried out after every 25 hours of work.

Experienced owners of these machines perform the process before each spring.

What are the reasons why a diesel single axle tractor takes a lot of oil?

Sometimes conditions arise when the engine does not run as smoothly as you would like. Among the causes of the above problem are:

• PCV system malfunction, which causes oil to be sucked back into the engine. To get rid of the trouble, you should replace the PCV-valve;
• Mechanical problems may also cause excessive oil “absorption. It is necessary to check the compression, because because of its poor work oil can not get into the combustion chamber, but simply “disappear” with the fuel;
• Earlier problems with a destroyed catalytic converter can also cause. It is possible that dust and particles of scattered catalytic converter have entered the combustion chamber and caused mechanical damage to the cylinders. The solution is to replace the cylinders;
• Worn valve seals allow oil to safely leak through the engine, so you should carefully check them if necessary to renew them.

The engine of a power tiller is the “heart” of the device, so the choice of oil and its care should be taken with utmost seriousness, then the unit will “thank” the caring owner with long service and a minimum of arising failures.

Check the level

To check the level in the crankcase, most models have a dipstick with min and max markings. When the dipstick is pulled out of the crankcase, oil remains on it, which indicates the amount. If the level seems inaccurate, the dipstick is wiped clean with a rag, inserted back into the crankcase, and pulled out. Oil is sure to remain on the dipstick and indicate its level.

It is not permitted to overfill either the gearbox or the engine of a power tiller. It is not possible to fill above the edge of the hole as it immediately flows back out. The level at the lip of the hole is acceptable for the engine. It is considered normal to have too much oil in the gearbox. This is why there is no dipstick for the oil level in the gearbox.

To check the oil level in the gearbox, you may use a handy dipstick. a piece of wire, etc.д.

For some engines, however, oil overflow in the crankcase is unacceptable. If you put oil in the gearbox, it may cause an increase in pressure inside the assembly, press out gaskets and seals, splash around in the oil hole or spill on the sidewall. If piston rings and cylinder surface are worn out oil may also get into the combustion chamber, on the spark plugs, which is extremely undesirable. You should therefore fill the engine with oil according to the recommendations in the owner’s manual.

The quantity and quality of oil must be monitored to determine the service life of the entire tiller.

Some are changed every year in the spring, before the start of the season. Other owners do not change for years. Some people put a meter of engine hours and change it according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. For example, every 500 engine hours.

It makes sense to change oil after the running-in period, because at this time fine filings, metal chips, which are formed during the lapping of new assemblies, may appear in it. These inclusions in the oil are extremely undesirable, because they themselves already lead to wear and abrasion of the nodes.