How to make a copper hammer from copper residues. How to melt at home

How to make a hammer from copper wire. With a copper hammer

Hello friends. In this video we will make a copper hammer for my workshop. Video of the full cycle and we will start by casting the workpiece. Happy viewing. If you want to help the author of the channel in purchasing new shooting equipment, here is the card number 5536 9138 7966 3934 Good master Instagram. Good master Group China Master VK. Tool from China Japanese saw: Coral disk: an electric screwdriver riveter: improved drill with taps: liner for making milling tables: an accurate marking line for carpentry: fast.and.sounding nuts for angular schlifmash: a set of grinding drums: a steep polling lamp for a workshop: a flexible metallic metallic Base line line: polishing circle: Seangeneraisma: Hilda’s saw: Convenient roll for a lathe: turning cutters 12×12: aluminum plates: records: and one more: links to my Jet BD-10VS tools Table Complex for Metal Metal System UTSI System for a machine Jet JMD-2S and JMD-X2S Set of 12 mm grooves Automatic supply of X axis for the JMD-2S, JMD-X2S, JMD-X2S DRO “Jet JBG-200 Tastimeter (Zapito)” Jet MBS-56CS. Br. 865M Wilton Visa “Mechanic Pro” JMD-X2S millingdrilling machine for commercial queries: [email protected] friends this channel for polite people. Respect yourself and other spectators. Per mat, insults, manifestation of aggression towards the author of the canal or its audience will follow an immediate ban without explaining the reasons. Jack of copper how to polish copper copper melting at home with your own hands

I want such a hammer how much it will cost?

Characteristics

Copper belongs to one of the first metals, which people began to receive and use for further processing. Products from alloy or clean copper were used before our era. Such demand appeared as a result of easy processing with ordinary methods, as well as the simplicity of melting and casting.

The material has a characteristic red-yellow shade, and due to softness, you can easily deform, melted, process and do different items. The surface in contact with oxygen begins to form an oxide film, which gives a beautiful shade.

A very significant characteristic is the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material that have second place among all types of metals, silver is in the first place. These characteristics made it possible to use it in the electric sector, as well as for the rapid removal of heat.

Melting temperature

Melting. a process in which the metal goes from a solid to a liquid state. Each material has its own melting point under which you can get a liquid state. The presence of the impurities present plays a large role in smelting.

The metal itself begins to melt from 1083 degrees. If the composition contains tin, then the temperature is reduced, and will fluctuate from 930 to 1140 degrees. A similar temperature difference precisely due to the presence of tin in the composition. If a zinc is turned on, then melt the alloy in a temperature range of 900-1050 degrees.

This metal can boil at a relatively low temperature for metals. It is 2560 degrees, during a boil, the process will be similar to other liquids in this state. Casting begins to bubble, gas is released.

To know how to melt the material at home, you need to study step.by.step instructions and various options for the procedure described below.

Step.by.step

To melt copper at home, you need to make the temperature slightly higher than that in which it will melt. In this case, it will not be possible to use a jar and a fire or similar methods. There will be no result.

It is recommended to use a domain furnace, and it is important that it is possible to adjust heat. You can make a baking furnace with your own hands from ordinary materials. The exact scheme and principle of action can be used on different forums, watch video in step.by.step instructions.

Old fire extinguishers are often used to create a furnace. If you select such a method, then you need to cut the upper part and make the lid that will close. Additionally, the internal space with clay is processed, the heating element is mounted.

The smelting should be carried out in such a container that itself will not melt and deform, respectively, capable of withstanding more than 1100 degrees. Additionally, the removal of copper products requires the creation of a nitrogen environment, if it does not, then the material will deteriorate.

When everything is ready, you can melt the material and get a single ingot from it, which can be used in the future for its needs.

Melting

You can melt copper at home using such an inventory:

• Tigel in which metal will be laid for smelting.
• Forceps that can get a crucible from the furnace.
• Muffle stove or horn for heating.
• Form for pouring liquid copper.
• Steel hook.
• Metal for swimming should be chopped and put in the tiger. The smaller the condition, the faster the material will be able to melt. The finished crucible is placed in a stove heated to the desired temperature.
• When copper becomes liquid and completely melt, it is necessary to remove the crucible with forceps, and you need to act carefully, but quickly. On the surface of the liquid mass will be a spit, it must be shifted and the material is poured into the prepared container.
• It is not recommended to use pure metal to create complex figures or small objects, this is caused by the poor fluidity of copper without impurities. In this case, it is better to use alloys in which there will be zinc, tin and other metals.

Homemade devices

To melt copper, it is not necessary to use special devices, you can use home.made structures. The main condition is to comply with safety precautions and the basic rules for working with the material.

If there is no muffle stove or a mountain, then a simple burner on gas is used. True, copper itself will contact with oxygen, due to which rapid oxidation occurs. To exclude the appearance of a thick rod on the surface, you must use chopped coal when the metal takes a liquid shape.

To obtain a liquid consistency of the material, you need:

• Install support on the ground, for this they use silicate bricks, a metal mesh with small cells is placed on them.
• Coal is poured onto the net and hot using a gas lamp. To obtain a high temperature, you can use a vacuum cleaner that goes to coal and gives a strong air flow.
• A crucible is placed on the hot material, you need to wait until everything melt. Then drain the resulting liquid into the shape.

You can also use propane-acid flame at home. It is recommended to use it for an alloy where there is tin or zinc.

If at home there is a powerful microwave oven, then you can carry out a melting procedure in it. For safety, as well as maintaining heat, protecting the furnace itself, you need to wrap the tigel into heat.resistant material, as well as use the cover for it. After the room you need to put the maximum mode and wait for the metal to melt.

Moping melting point: how to melt the metal at home. step.by.step instructions

Copper is an extremely popular and common metal used in the production of electronics, the transfer of electricity, as well as the manufacture of various alloys.

What is the melting point of copper, how it is mined and what is it interesting? Let’s tell about all this.

How to get copper

The reserves of this metal on Earth are relatively small (compared to other elements). over, it is found both in the form of nuggets and as part of complex compounds. Most often these are copper column, chalcopritis, Borin and Chalcosine. Find them in sedimentary rocks, but most often in hydrothermal veins.

The total number of copper deposits in the world is quite large, but really large, of important strategic importance, only a few.

It is interesting! copper in ore is very small. 0.3–1%, depending on the specific deposit.

On the territory it is Udokan located in the Trans.Baikal Territory. If we consider Europe, then the largest deposit is German Mansfeld. In the near abroad, Kazakhstan can boast of such reserves. they are in the city of Zhezkazgan.

A serious honey waist is located in Central Africa. The US also has a large deposit. nce. Finally, Chile boasts at once with two serious mining points. Kolyausi and Escondid.

Copper ore is extracted by open method. Only a relatively small part of the deposits, where the raw materials lie at great depths, uses the mine method.

After extraction, the ore undergoes the most difficult processing that allows you to separate clean metal from slag. Different methods are used for this: electrolysis, hydrometallurgy, as well as pyrometallurgy.

How our ancestors melted copper

This is the oldest metal that people have mastered. Amazing plasticity has become its main advantage. It is thanks to him that even in the presence of primitive tools, it is possible to process metal, making from it household items and various tools.

Our ancestors learned to process the first metal in about 4 millennia BC. Finding unusual cobblestones in color, people tried to process them, habitually hitting heavy stones. However, nuggets did not split, but only deformed. Thus, primitive masters got the opportunity to make the first tools.

This caused the transition from the Stone Age to the copper. There was no more strength for the manufacture of metal weapons than for stone. But it served much longer, and if the copper ax or knife was damaged, it was possible to repair. stone analogues had to be done again.

However, for ancient metallurgists, it was unattainable, so they learned to melt the material for full.fledged processing much later. only in 3 millennia BC, when the necessary technologies appeared. However, even before that, in many settlements, the master heated copper nuggets on the stake, noting that hot metal is much easier to process.

What has changed over time

Of course, modern copper products are not compared with those that were made five millennia ago. Instead of gross copper knives, axes and tips for arrows and copies today, complex parts for electronics are produced today. But all the properties of the metal remained unchanged.

At what temperature the copper melts today, with this melted thousands of years ago. But technologies have improved significantly. For example, before clean (relatively clean, of course) Metal from ore was mined in the most primitive ways. For example, in a clay jug folded ore and coal.

The vessel was installed in a hole, the mixture was set on fire, and the pit was covered. During coal burning, carbon monoxide was released. In contact with the ore, he launched a reaction, as a result of which metal and a small amount of water was released.

Today, as mentioned above, different methods are used to remove impurities from ore. Using a special copper melting schedule and various processing methods, experts can get almost absolutely clean metal. Let us consider for example hydrometallurgical as the easiest for understanding.

Copper ore is poured with sulfuric acid. Copper as a relatively active metal reaction, turning into copper sulfate. Iron in contact with it displaces copper. As a result of the reaction, iron sulfate is obtained and copper.

Physical properties

Has a rare color-golden pink, which is very unusual for metals. Relatively easily reacts, and also connects to other metals, significantly changing their properties. The demonstration of this is the combustion process. it is enough to mix clean metal with gray and heat the mixture.

Excellent electrical conductivity makes it in demand. only silver has the best indicators. In addition, it can boast of good thermal conductivity, which makes it indispensable material in the production of heat tubes and cooling radiators. The boiling point of copper is quite high. 2567 degrees Celsius.

Metal melting at home or industrial passes the same. The temperature rises gradually and constantly. However, upon receipt of a sufficient amount of heat, the crystal lattice is destroyed.

At this moment, the temperature stops going up, despite the fact that the heating does not stop. The melting point of copper melting, as mentioned above, is 1085 degrees Celsius. Only after the metal is completely melted, the temperature increase will continue. He boils at 2567 degrees Celsius.

Sequencing

If necessary, at home, you can get products of a decorative nature or practical purpose. Copper melting at home step.by.step instructions are as follows:

• Raw materials are crushed, after which it is placed in the tiger. It should be borne in mind that with a decrease in the size of pieces of metal, the process of swimming is significantly accelerated.
• After filling the tigel, it is placed in the furnace, which is warmed up in advance.
• The molten alloy should be removed from the furnace using special ticks. Due to the active process of oxidation, a homogeneous film can form on the surface. Before drawing casting from copper, it needs to be removed.
• Metal is neatly poured into the prepared container. It should be borne in mind that if the straightened alloy enters open areas of the body, serious injuries may appear. In addition, some materials in contact are ignited. Therefore, you need to be extremely careful.

When considering how to melt copper at home, it is worth considering that you can use not only furnaces. In some cases, a gas burner is used, which heats the bottom. The process is less productive, but at the same time, the preparation takes little time.

An ordinary soldering lamp can be used as a heating equipment. When using this technology, it should be borne in mind that the contact of copper with air leads to the rapid appearance of the oxide. In some cases, to reduce the intensity of oxidation, the surface is covered with chopped wood angle.

Copper

The preparatory stage provides for the purchase of special equipment. You can melt copper at home if you have:

• Muffle furnace. Modern execution options allow you to control the heating power with high accuracy, due to which the process of melting is greatly simplified and a better result can be achieved.
• Tigel designed to accommodate a shichta and its swimming.
• Forceps with which the crucible is stretched from the furnace. It should be borne in mind that the surface will be heated, so you need to use a special mechanism from heat.resistant alloy.
• Hook and household vacuum cleaner.
• Wood coal to cover the surface.
• Form of heat.resistant material according to which casting will be carried out.
• Gas burner or horn to increase plasticity of alloy.

They purchase professional equipment only if the casting of copper is carried out periodically. It is characterized by high cost, as well as efficiency in the application.

Muffle furnace

The easiest way to melt copper at home when installing a muffle furnace. Among its features, we note:

• You can heat the charge to higher temperatures, due to which fluidity increases. This is due to the high efficiency, since the walls of the structure reflect and accumulate heat.
• The process of swimming is accelerated.
• High performance. Uniform heat distribution allows you to simultaneously melt a large amount of copper.

In addition, the muffle stove is quite simple in installation if you follow all safety rules. Problems in installing such equipment at home often arise due to large design.

Gas-burner

Cutting from copper at home when using a gas burner is often carried out if copper products are made extremely rare. Such process is characterized by small financial costs. When choosing such a technology, it is taken into account:

• Small indicator of the efficiency.
• At the time of swimming, difficulties arise with the uniform distribution of heat.
• Work should be carried out in open space in compliance with fire safety rules.

Gas burner can heat the tigel for several minutes. It should be borne in mind that copper will quickly oxidize.

Blowtorch

Melting when using soldering lamps is extremely rare. This is due to the low efficiency of such a method. As in the previous case, when using a soldering lamp, an active oxidation of the surface occurs.

Moping melting in a homemade furnace using a soldering lamp

When using a soldering lamp, the moment is taken into account that a lot of time is required to warm up the metal. In this case, heating should take place without a break, since the metal cools quickly, after which it begins to crystallize.

At home, casting copper blanks can be carried out in the mountain. A similar furnace is characterized by the following features:

• It is often used in blacksmithing.
• It is worth considering the low indicator of the efficiency of the efficiency, due to which a lot of time goes to copper melting.
• There are two designs: open and closed type.

Horn device for copper melting

The swimming temperature when using the mountain is relatively low. Therefore, not all copper can melted in the case under consideration.

How to melt copper at home

Copper products can be very beautiful, and there is a temptation to do something copper with your own hands. To do this, the metal must be melted. In the foundry, for the most part, three main varieties of this metal are used: red pure copper and its alloys: bronze and brass.

• Crucible
• Tygly forceps
• Muffle furnace
• Charcoal
• Horn
• Household vacuum cleaner
• Steel wire hook
• The form

Put pieces of metal in the crucible. Put the tigel in a muffle stove. Set the heating regulator to the desired position. You can observe the melting of the metal in the window of the furnace, which is on the door. During the melting on the surface of the metal, an oxide film is formed.

When you reach the desired temperature and melting the metal, open the door, grab the crucible with tongs. Move the oxide film to the side with the help of a steel wire hook. Pour the melt into a pre.prepared form. If the muffle stove is sufficient power, with its help you can melt any copper alloys and the actual red copper.

If there is no muffle furnace, you can melt copper with an autogen, directing the flame from the bottom of the tick up. In this case, melting will occur with good air access. To protect metal from intensive oxidation, it is recommended to sprinkle its surface with a layer of crushed charcoal.

Yellow copper (brass) and fusible varieties of bronze can be melted with a soldering lamp. The principle of swimming is the same as when using an autogen. The flame should cover the tiger as much as possible.

If there is no autogen or a soldering lamp, you can use a simple mountain. In this case, install the crucible on a wood coal layer. To increase coal combustion temperature, use forced blowing into the air combustion zone. For this, a household vacuum cleaner working for blowing is suitable. The vacuum cleaner hose must have a metal tip. The tip of the tip can be narrowed to obtain a thiner air jet.

The muffle furnace should allow the following temperatures: for melting copper. 1083OS, for melting bronze. 930-1140 ° C, for melting brass. 880-950 ° C.

Red copper is viscous. It is unprofitable for thin casting. Brass is more suitable for these purposes. The lighter the brass, the more illumination it is.

It is not recommended to combine ancient bronze of unknown origin, since it may contain a large amount of arsenic.

The mountain is an open oven with an exhaust in which charcoal is burned. To increase the temperature into the mountains, inhibit additional air using fur or compressor.

How to make a copper ingot

As is known from the school chemistry course, copper is metal, in the periodical table D.And.Mendeleev is located at number 29. Copper has wonderful thermal conductivity, has a beautiful reddish tint. Therefore, this metal is often used for electrical work and in jewelry crafts.

Most often, copper alloys, bronze (tin copper) and brass (copper zinc) are used for work. Copper alloys are more plastic and durable than copper itself, have a lower melting point. Pure red copper. quite expensive material, besides, very unstable. In the air, it is quickly oxidized and covered with a film, a patina under the influence of humidity. Due to the high melting point (1000-11000 C), copper melting at home is difficult. Although to make small copper ingots for the power of each.

From a tin can and construction gypsum make an ingot shape. Dilute the alabaster with water, pour it into a tin container, make a print of the desired shape. After solidification, burn the ingot shape at a temperature of at least 1000C in a regular oven to exclude vaporization when pouring copper.

Put a piece of copper (preferably large. Less oxidized) into the deepening of the form, direct the flame of a gas acid burner on top of it on top. When heated, the copper will melt, acquires the shape of the impress.e. necessary ingot. To improve copper properties, you can add a piece of brass or silver to the ingot.

If you notice small shells in the ingot, voids formed by air bubbles, you should treat the ingot by hot forging. Copper is soft material, so it boils well. For hot forging, heat copper on a regular gas burner or a soldering lamp to a red glow. Then, with the help of a small anvil and hammer, give an ingot the desired shape, get rid of the errors of casting. When cooling copper, fading the glow, forging must be suspended and heat the ingot again.

This method can make a small ingot. If you need more copper swimming, more complex equipment, muffle stove, graphite or cast iron is necessary. Copper is poured into a crucible with brown and boric acid. Then the crucible is covered with a piece of fireclay brick and placed in a muffle stove. After melting copper, a piece of brass is added to the crucible to increase the foundry of the melt, mix, remove the helmet (such as foam on top) and poured into a cokil (shape).

How to make a hammer from copper wire. With a copper hammer

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I want such a hammer how much it will cost?

Hello, I am from Iran, what material was inside this bucket in which the molten copper tube cooled?

Beautiful, yes.But cast a hammer from lead a hundred times faster.

Casting was carried out incorrectly. The metal should come from below, then there will be no so many shells.

Copper characteristics

Copper is a metal with a relatively low melting point (1083C), a density of 8 g/cm3 and high plasticity. It is found in nature in the form of nuggets. Thanks to these qualities, it became the first metal mastered by humanity. Archaeologists find tools and weapons in the burials dated to the III millennium BC.e. Most likely, humanity has mastered copper casting even earlier, at the end of the Stone Age.

The main properties of metals of copper subgroups

The Latin name of the metal-Cuprum is associated with the name of the island of Cyprus, the famous ancient center for the production of bronze products. Alloying of copper. bronze and brass have high strength and are less prone to oxidation. Bronze was widely used as the main metal of mankind until the development of mass steel production technologies.

Copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. This determines its widespread use in electrical engineering and heat engineering.

In addition, copper has pronounced bactericidal properties.

Equipment for smelting and casting copper

For copper casting at home, it is not required by particularly complex or expensive equipment. Purchase it or make it on your own to the shoulder home.

• Steel forceps for removing and staging a tie in the oven.
• Muffle stove or gas burner.
• Steel hook to remove the crust of oxides from the surface of the melt.
• Form for casting.

First of all, you need to melt copper. The better the starting raw materials will be crushed, the faster the melt will occur. Melting will occur in a cruise of ceramics or refractory clay. The muffle stove should be equipped with a thermometer and a glazed window for visual control. The electronic adjustment and maintenance system will make a copper casting easier and provide the best quality of casting.

Copper casting forms are made based on the model. Depending on the chosen technology of the form, there are disposable (from a mixture specially formed in the formwork) and reusable. steel cocks. Recently, a form of high.temperature silicone has become widespread.

At home, disposable forms are more often used. The model is made of wax or special varieties of plasticine. The model completely repeats the spatial configuration of the future product. When pouring into the shape of hot melt, the wax melts and is replaced by metal, taking its place and repeating all the details of the form of the shape. This form is called smelted.

There are also burned forms. They use a model made of combustible material, for example papier-mash. The model in this case burns when pouring a high.temperature melt, combustion products in the form of gases go through the pouring hole.

The main characteristics and melting temperature of copper

In ancient times, use copper, began to melt earlier than other metals. Metal is valued for chemical neutrality, durability, electromagnetic properties. Thermal conductivity of copper alloys is slightly lower than that of silver.

Copper home melting is essentially no different from industrial casting. You can melt pieces of serving radio components, inexpensive jewelry, dining rooms from Melchiore. Medication of copper in a pure form occurs at 1083 ° C, this mode in domestic conditions is not problematic. Alloy with zinc, tin does not need to be melted to the temperature of the copper melting, up to 900. 950 ° C is enough. Choosing pieces of scrap, it is important to know that clean alloys are used for electrical parts. Bronze, brass may contain harmful chemical components, they will begin to be released from metal when melting. The metal boils at a relatively low temperature, 2560 ° C, the alloy begins to bubble.

Copper melting at home: step.by.step instructions

A tin jar and a fire is not suitable for melting. We need other heat sources, such as homemade stoves or ready.made burners with a high flame temperature. For melting, choose heat.resistant vessels, it is best to use a ready.made tiger of refractory raw materials that withstand temperatures up to 300 ° C. For casting, use a mold or shape. When working with a crucible, special forceps with long handles are used, they should clamp the crucible well.

Now a small phased briefing on how to melt copper scrap at home:

• Lom preparation, small pieces of metal are used as raw materials.
• Preparation of the hearth where the Tigel will be installed. To melt the scrap, they use ready.made or impromptu stoves, burners.
• Scrap is covered in a tiger for melting metal. Experts advise to pre.heat the tigel so that the metal warms up more uniformly.
• Preparation of a mold or a mackerel is a place where the metal will pour out after melting. For manufacture, use a material that has a melting temperature higher than that of copper.
• Before the spill from hot metal, scale is removed using a long spoon. Okisli should not fall into casting.
• The melt is carefully poured into a prepared mold. You need to work carefully, poorly healing burns remain from drops.

For a stand, use refractory even sheet, a crucible or a special box for melting is placed on it.

Muffle furnace

Laboratory muffle. the most convenient device for melting metal.

A few tips on how to melt the copper alloy in the laboratory conditions:

• The muffle furnace has a temperature control pen, it must be placed on a mark that is slightly exceeding the alien melting temperature;
• graphite or ceramic tiger before loading the shiht is well heated;
• After casting from a hot tick, a ward is removed with a wire hook.

Casting in the muffle warms up evenly, the melter is isolated from volatile harmful components, it is convenient to observe the progress of copper folking through the fire glass of the door.

Gas-burner

Moping melting in small volumes is carried out by a hand gas burner. The power of the portable device does not matter. The burner is placed under the crucible in which they will melt copper scrap, direct the flame on the bottom, the tongues should cover it completely. The process is laborious, long.term. To protect against oxygen, colored scrap is sprinkled with coal crumbs.

They melt copper at home using a tiger stove or mountain. It is a limited space where the tigel is placed on the stand. The coals are set on below or a burner is brought up. It is necessary to organize air rubber to increase the burning temperature of fuel. To accelerate the process of melting on top, the mountains are covered with a dense lid. Well.hot charcoal is heated, fall asleep into a tiger with a crowbar. The method is used by specialists who often engage in casting in small volumes.

Blowtorch

Alloy with zinc, tin melts at low temperatures. As source of energy for melting, a conventional soldering lamp is used, it is placed vertically under the crucible so that the flame covers the surface of the bottom and the lower part of the side wall. To reduce the volume of scrap, sprinkled with wood coal. The process of oxidation during melting under a layer of coal crumbs will not proceed so intensively.

Microwave

You can melt copper at home in the microwave, a rotary mechanism is taken out of it. A fireproof container with a lid made of chamotis brick is made to the size of the tick. At first, a ceramic crucible is heated for 15 minutes at maximum mode, it heats up to a yellowish glow. Then, the prepared scrap is filled into it, the chamotum container is removed again in the furnace, melt copper scrap for 20-30 minutes in maximum mode, a temperature of the order of 1200 ° C is created. Then the alloy is poured into a pre.prepared mold or shape.

For the manufacture of small parts, it is better to choose multi.component alloys: brass, bronze, they are not so fluid, they are easier to melt, they do not need too high temperatures. When they melt copper at home, observe safety precautions, provide fire measures.

Copper characteristics

Copper is one of the first metals that a person has learned to extract and process. Copper and its alloys were used in the 3rd century BC.e., As evidenced by historical data and results of archaeological excavations. The widespread dissemination of copper was largely facilitated by the fact that it is easy to process in various mechanical ways. In addition, it can be easily melted.

Copper, the surface of which is distinguished by a clearly expressed yellowish-red color, due to its softness is easy to process the method of plastic deformation. The surface of copper when it interacts with the surrounding air is covered with an oxide film, which stains it in such a beautiful color.

Technical copper brands and their chemical composition

Of great importance are such characteristics of copper as electrical and thermal conductivity, by which it occupies the second place among all metals, giving way to only silver. Thanks to these properties of the product from it, they are actively used in the electrical industry, as well as in cases where it is necessary to ensure the rapid removal of heat from the heated subject.

Another important parameter of copper, directly affecting the volume of energy and labor costs spent in the production of products from it, is the melting point. For pure copper, the temperature at which the metal passes from a solid state to liquid is 1083 °. If you mix copper with tin and get bronze, then the melting point of such an alloy will already be 930–1140 °, depending on the content of the main alloying additive in it. Such an alloy of copper as brass, which is obtained by adding zinc to the main metal, has even lower melting point, which is in the range of 900–1050 °.

Electric properties of copper at a temperature of 20 °

If you decide to implement at home such a technological process such as copper casting, it is important to know another parameter. its boiling temperature. At 2560 °, copper begins to literally boil, which is clearly visible in the video of this process. The appearance of bubbles on the surface of the liquid metal and active gas formation in it is facilitated by carbon released from copper as a result of its oxidation that occurs during severe heating.

If you bring it to a boil, the castings from it will differ in low quality, their structure and surface will be characterized by a large number of pores, which reduce not only its decorative, but also mechanical characteristics.

Subject to the technology of swimming on the surface of a copper ingot can remain shallow pores, easily removed by grinding

Step.by.step instructions for copper melting

Copper melting, if you prepare everything necessary for the implementation of such a technological process and approach its implementation correctly, allows you to make copper products even at home, both decorative and purely practical purposes.

In order to melt copper, you will need the following tools, equipment and consumables:

• muffle furnace (preferably with adjustment of the heating temperature);
• a crucible in which you will melt copper (tigers made of ceramics or refractory clay are used for copper melting);
• forceps with which a hot crucible will be removed from the furnace;
• hook (it can be made from ordinary steel wire);
• household vacuum cleaner;
• charcoal;
• the form in which casting will be performed;
• Gas burner and mountain.

The least impurities are contained in electrical copper

You can melt copper both in production and at home, following the algorithm below.

Copper in a crushed state is placed in a tigel. It should be borne in mind: the fewer pieces of metal will be, the faster it will melt. The crucible after it is filled with copper is placed in the furnace, which, using the temperature regulator, must be warmed up to the required state. In the doors of serial muffle furnaces, a window is necessarily provided, through which you can observe the melting process.

The observation window will allow you to control the process without opening the door once again, thereby without reducing the temperature in the furnace

After all the copper in the crucible melts, it must be extracted from the furnace using special forceps for this. On the surface of the molten copper, there is a musty film, which must be moved to one of the walls of the tile with a steel hook. The molten metal after the release of its surface from the oxide film should be most promptly and gently poured into a previously prepared form. Details and rules for performing this procedure are well demonstrated by a video that is easy to find on the Internet.

It will have to be pouring the metal in forms very quickly if the heating method you selected could not provide the desired temperature

In the event that there is no muffle furnace at your disposal, then you can heat the crucible with copper with a gas burner, placing it vertically under the bottom of the container. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the flame of the gas burner is evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the bottom of the tile.

If at home it is necessary to melt fusible alloys based on copper (brass and some brands of bronze), then as a heating device you can use a conventional soldering lamp, also placing it vertically under the bottom of the crucible. When smelly performed by data and previous methods, the surface of the molten metal will actively interact with oxygen, which will lead to intensive oxidation. To reduce the intensity of oxidation, molten copper can be sprinkled with chopped wood coal.

Copper melting with a soldering lamp in a homemade stove

If your home workshop has a mountain, then it can also be used to melt copper, brass or bronze. In this case, a crucible with chopped metal is placed on a layer of hot charcoal. In order for the heating and melting process to pass more intensively, it is possible to provide air supply to the coal combustion zone, for which an ordinary vacuum cleaner does not work for pulling, but for blowing. In the event that you use the vacuum cleaner, it is necessary to make a metal tip with a hole for blowing a small diameter on its hose.

The process of swimming will be even more effective in the gas mountains

When choosing a muffle furnace to perform foundry operations with copper and its alloys, you should pay attention to the temperature regime, which can provide such a device. Depending on the type of melted metal, such a furnace should provide the following heating temperatures:

It is possible that you decide to make a stove for swimming yourself by watching a video.

Normal copper, which does not contain any alloying additives in its chemical composition, does not differ in good fluidity in a molten state, therefore, for manufacturing a complex configuration and small sizes, it is little suitable for. For these purposes, it is best to use brass, and choose an alloy whose surface color is lighter (this indicates that the brass of this brand is less melting).

There is another important recommendation that you must adhere to if you decide to implement in practice such a process such as casting products from bronze alloys. It is better not to use products made of ancient bronze as the starting raw materials. Such an alloy may contain a significant amount of arsenic, which, evaporating, can create serious health problems.